A full explanation of the motion of trapped particles would be too abstract and mathematical for this level, but some basic ideas may be described on an intuitive level. The magnetic force on a moving particle is always perpendicular to the motion, as well as to the magnetic field lines. That is why the basic pattern is motion in a circle, around a magnetic field line. ... The best-known periodic motion is the back-and-forth swing of a pendulum, say of a weight suspended by a string (drawing). ...

... In laboratory the design and a manufacturing techniques mirror aspherical optics are developed ("fokon", ellipsoid, aspherical mirror).Such optical elements are made of widespread aluminium alloys on the standard equipment without use diamond turning. ... Using: optical blocks of not image optical devices for transitions, collimation, focus (concentration) radiations in a wide spectral range from UV to IR. Focusing and collimation of light; . ... circle aperture/ring aperture; . ... Back Forward . ...

The VIRGO project is a physics experiment; its aim is the detection of gravitational waves. ... It has not yet been possible to detect directly the gravitational waves: it remains one of the major challenges of experimental physics. ... Interferometric antennas for gravitational waves Gravitational waves distort space-time: along two perpendicular directions, the distances between fixed points will increase (resp. decrease), at the arrival of a gravitational wave. ... Publications from our Group . ...

... Contamination on optical surfaces degrades the throughput of an optical system. ... Contamination is particularly pernicious on the unprotected aluminum that is commonly used on the large first-surface mirrors of reflecting telescopes. ... During that period, the covers of their protective cases is opened whenever the 3.5-m telescope primary mirror cover is opened for nighttime observing. ... CO2 clean exposed mirrors in SS case. ... Light scattering measurements performed on cleaned mirrors. ...

... Magnetic trapping . ... 10a. Particle Drift . ... The magnetic force on a moving particle is always perpendicular to the motion, as well as to the magnetic field lines. ... Similarly with the charged particle, the magnetic and centrifugal forces are always balanced. ... Because no energy is needed to keep up the motion, it can (in principle) persist indefinitely. ... Out in space, it usually takes electric forces, not just magnetic ones, to change the total speed and energy of the particles. ...

Photon/Particle Counting Image Measurement System : PIAS-TI . The PIAS-TI is an extremely sensitive image measurement device developed for imaging and quantification in ultimate levels with an extremely small number of photons, electrons and charged particles. ... The PIAS-TI is a measuring system that makes use of the technology of the photon counter to detect the input positions of individual photons or particles, and accumulate them to create an image. ...

SAO is Russia's main centre for ground-based space research. ... The basic instruments of the Observatory are the optical telescope BTA (Big Alt-azimuth Telescope) with a main mirror diameter of 6 m and the radio telescope RATAN-600 with the antenna diameter 600 m. Study of the Universe as a whole, analysis of non-stationary energy release in galactic and extragalactic objects of various types, investigation of evolution and chemical composition of our Galaxy and the nature of solar activity. ...

... The collecting area is increased by nesting concentric mirror pairs, all having the same focal length. ... Figure shows the largest optical element being ground at HDOS. ... X-ray testing demonstrated that the CXO mirrors are indeed the largest high-resolution X-ray optics ever made; the nominal effective area (based on the ground calibrations) is shown as a function of energy in the left panel of Figure , along with those of their Einstein and ROSAT predecessors. ...

... Acceleration of particles in the vicinity of a massive black hole We propose a two-step mechanism for charged particle acceleration in the magnetosphere of a massive black hole surrounded by an accretion disk. Particles first gain energy by stochastic process during the accretion phase. It is shown that effective proton acceleration up to energies eV is possible in the turbulent magnetized accretion disk. ...

RATAN-600 radio telescope . ... In the "radio-Shmidt telescope" mode the antenna system the South sector of the main mirror with the flat mirror ("South+Flat") of the RATAN-600 radio telescope is used. ... The antenna system the South sector with the flat mirror. ... The flat and circular mirrors of the RATAN-600 form the basis of the system. ... In the case of antenna system "South+Flat" the planoid is flat mirror, the circular reflector of RATAN-600 is the second mirror. ...

A limit on the ultra-high-energy neutrino flux from Centaurus A Justin Bray For the LUNASKA collaboration Clancy James, Ron Ekers, Chris Phillips, Paul Roberts, John Reynolds, Rebecca McFadden, Ray Protheroe, Jaime Alvarez-MuЯiz, Justin Bray Outline: · Ultra-high-energy (UHE) cosmic rays neutrinos · Detecting UHE neutrinos · The lunar Cherenkov technique · Observations with the ATCA · Observations with Parkes · ASKAP and the future ... Detection Geometry Neutrinos are penetrating.. ...

Astronomy Picture of the Day . High Energy Stereoscopic System II . ... Image Courtesy: H.E.S.S. Collaboration Explanation: The largest of its kind, the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) II telescope stands in the foreground of this photo. ... Now beginning an exploration of the Universe at extreme energies, H.E.S.S. II saw first light on July 26 . ... As the gamma rays impact the upper atmosphere they produce air showers of high-energy particles. ... Publications with words: telescope . ...

The approaches mentioned in the section title belong to one family which is called in Newton's book [ 56 ] the short waves or high energy approximation (HEA). It means the scattering by soft particles (or potentials) in the case of the wavelengths short in comparison with the particle size (or correspondingly the case of scattering of high energy particles by the potentials). ...

April 4, 2008 (Friday) Maxim Pospelov, Victoria University . ... Fall 2007 . Winter 2008 . Fall 2006 . Winter 2007 . Spring 2007 . ... A new generation cosmic ray detector, the Pierre Auger Observatory, has been designed to study cosmic rays with energy above 10 18 eV and answer the crucial questions of ultra high energy cosmic ray physics. ... Oscillating scalar fields, with an oscillation frequency much greater than the expansion rate, have been proposed as models for dark energy. ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

Bigbang Forum Message . ... Vacuum Energy Mediated By Supersymmetry . ... Since the existence of supersymmetry partner virtual particles seemingly solves the heirarchy problem, it follows that it must also solve the . vacuum energy problem. ... The Casmir force between two plates in vacuum is in a sense a measure of vacuum energy, and calculations using only non-symmetric virtual particles agree with experiment. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | Advertise on Astronomy Net | ...

... 2012 July 27 . High Energy Stereoscopic System II . Image Courtesy: H.E.S.S. Collaboration . Explanation: The largest of its kind, the High Energy Stereoscopic System (H.E.S.S.) II telescope stands in the foreground of this photo. ... Now beginning an exploration of the Universe at extreme energies, H.E.S.S. II saw first light on July 26 . ... As the gamma rays impact the upper atmosphere they produce air showers of high-energy particles. ... About APOD | ...

. JOINT SESSIONS ON COSMOLOGY AND PARTICLE PHYSICS . ELECTRON CENTENARY . Acknowledgements . Instructions for electronic submission . PPEUC was hosted by the High Energy Physics and Radio Astronomy Groups in the Cavendish Laboratory . This Web Site was made possible by a generous donation from Q Associates. Last update 2 July1997

... These are the filter transmission, the field of view (determined by the NICMOS optics external to the dewar, in combination with the HST mirrors), the reflectivities of the various external mirrors and the transmission of the dewar window. ... The sensitivity will obviously be affected by the pixel field of view. ... Finally, the optical efficiency will be degraded further by the reflectivities of the aluminum with MgF 2 overcoated HST primary and secondary mirrors. ... Primary mirror temperature . ...

Density Measurements: Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy 1 Introduction As part of the AXAF Reflectivity Study, it is of interest to perform density measurements on the films used to coat the mirrors being investigated. ... 2 Theoretical Aspects The technique for determining coating density using Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy (RBS) involves bombardment of the coated sample with ff­particles. ... Thus, determination of Ї ae requires an independent measurement of the coating thickness. ...