... The file names' construction . The flight (m) stage's file set . ... the orbital data used for the flight operation monthly (m) long-term planning, . ... The orbital calculations are based on the initial orbital data determined by KIAM RAN using the orbital radio- measurement treatment. The determined initial orbital data are presented as a state vector (satellite position and velocity) in the J2000 reference. ... Accept the file with extension '.bgr', where the Moscow time (MT=UT+3h) is used. ...

These are very prominent absorption lines is most all galaxies. ... These pair of absorption lines will appear in all the spectra and they should be your principle source for determining the redshift. ... When this applet opens you will see an iconic representation of galaxies in the left hand side of the applet and a target area in the right side of the applet. ... Note: What you are doing in this excercise is identical to what Hubble did in the 1920's and you are using the same galaxies. ...

The presence of dust in starburst galaxies complicates the study of their stellar populations as the dust's effects are similar to those associated with changes in the galaxies' stellar ages and metallicities. ... We present the calibration of the flux ratio method for calculating the dust attenuation at a particular wavelength, Att(ЮЛ), based on the measurement of the F(IR)/F(ЮЛ) flux ratio. ... However, at longer wavelengths the relationship is dependent on the assumed stellar properties. ...

The ESA/ESO Astronomy Exercise Series 2 . The Distance to Messier 100 as Determined by Cepheid Variable Stars . ... The small variations in distance to the individual Cepheid variable stars in the Cloud are negligible compared with the much larger distance to the SMC. ... In this way Cepheid variable stars can be used as one of the 'standard candles' in the Universe that act either as distance indicators themselves or can be used to calibrate (or set the zero point for) other distance indicators. ...

... User Guide ] Task: moment Purpose: Calculate moments of a Miriad image. ... Key: in The input image. No default. ... Key: mom -3: Velocity at peak intensity using a three-point quadratic fit around the peak (km/s). 2: Peak intensity using a three-point quadratic fit (units same as individual channels). ... The moments are calculated independently for each pixel using spectral channels with intensity satisfying the specified clip range. ... Key: axis Axis for which the moment is calculated. ...

THE PHOTOMETRIC RESEARCHS OF THE MERCURY'S SURFACE BY MEANS OF DIGITAL MODELS. ... The surface brightness of Mercury was measured Danjon (1933, 1949, 1953) and Harris (1961) in phase angle 3o-123o. The analysis of the various data of the integral photometric gives the results of determination of the main photometric constants for Mercury. ... THE PHOTOMETRIC RESEARCHS OF THE MERCURY'S SURFACE: S.G. Pugacheva The surface brightness of the Mercurian images was established on the geologic map Mercury. ...

Next: Results of follow-up spectroscopy Up: Data reduction Previous: Reduction of the Calar . In the final spectra, redshifts and line fluxes are measured within MIDAS, applying Gaussian fitting to the emission lines. To determine redshifts for individual galaxies, averages are taken over the prominent individual emission lines (mostly H , H , [O III ] 4959,5007 ?) The line [O II ] 3727 ? ... For all spectra, the individual emission line fluxes of the H , [N II ] 6548,6583 ? ...

. This diagram shows a small table with three transparent cells and illustrates how their final background is determined. The table consists of two rows. Four (labeled) cells lie in the first row, but the second cell spans the first and second row. The first, third, and fourth cells of the second row are "empty". Each non-empty cell has a red background and a double black border. Each empty cell has the table's background color (specified as #ff0) as its own. Return to image.

... The evolution of a binary system is considered as a sequence of stages the duration of which are defined by the shortest evolutionary time-scale of one of the binary components (see the list of the evolutionary states of stars in Sections 3 and 4). ... Then the code finds a new stage the binary should transit to, with this stage being determined by the evolutionary states of both components, and calculates it. ... However, one can use the algorithm described above to model their evolution. ...

Halley's Comet . Spacecraft that have visited Halley's Comet . ... Then in 1984 and 1985, five spacecraft from the USSR, Japan and Europe were launched to make a rendezvous with Halley's Comet in 1986. ... This image is a mosaic of 8 images taken by the Giotto spacecraft during the Halley encounter on March 13, 1986. ... Courtesy NASA/JPL) . ... Halley's Comets in 1986 . This image of Halley's Comets was taken during its 1986 appearance. ... Cylindrical Map of the Nucleus of Comet Halley . ...

... What is the notion time? ... Generally speaking, it is an order of changing events, an order of constantly changing conditions of solids, Universe - being. ... The time, determined for the given longitude, is called the local time . ... A uniform system of time counting - ephemeris time is tested by observations of the Moon turning around the Earth. Fully independent from astronomic observation uniform system of the time counting is based on the concept of atomic second (see quantum watches ). ...

... The HST uses an onboard model of its orbit to perform in real-time various control functions relating to spacecraft operations and observation support. ... New coefficients for the ephemeris are updated every other day, and are archived as FITS keywords for each HST observation data set. Using these coefficients,an observer can perform a variety of calibration and characterization calculations relating to the orbital position and velocity of the telescope. ...

... We cannot use for this purpose equivalent widths and profiles of HI lines (well known criteria of atmospheric conditions for normal supergiants), since these lines are strongly distorted in the spectrum of IRAS04296 as seen in Fig. ... Figure: Upper: iron abundance FeI (circles) and FeII (crosses) calculated for IRAS04296+3429 with model parameters , and using lines with different excitation potentials EP of a low level; bottom: the same as a function of the equivalent width W . ...

Institute of Applied Astronomy Russian Academy of Sciences Method of Determining the Orbits of the Small Bodies in the Solar System Based on an Exhaustive Search of Orbital Planes Dmitrii Vavilov, Yurii Medvedev Introduction to the problem: Let we have n 3 positional observations of a body: points in time ( = 1, ) , right ascensions , and declinations . ... Determination of the orbit using the Gauss method of determining orbital elements based on two heliocentric positions and points in time. ...

Next: DIRECT MASSES FOR BXCIR Up: EXTREME HELIUM STARS: PULSATION Previous: PULSATION PROPERTIES . As already indicated, V652Her is an important EHe star because its relatively short pulsation period and large amplitude pulsations allow its overall dimensions to be determined with high precision. ... Saio & Nomoto (1998) made the first successful models for the merger of two carbon-oxygen white dwarfs, and prompted Saio & Jeffery (2000) to attempt models for the merger of two helium white dwarfs. ...

. XMM-Newton Science Analysis System . slconv (slconv-2.1.3) [xmmsas_20070708_1801-7.1.0] . Meta Index / Home Page / Description . Several region shapes can be selected through parameter shape : circle, box, diamond, ellipse and boxcircle. The size of these regions is determined once the radii is calculated as explained in previous section: . - box side = circle_radius . - ellipse_minor_axis= circle_radius . - ellipse_major_axis= circle_radius . XMM-Newton SOC/SSC -- 2007-07-08

... 2006: . ... Components of the systems are low mass stars and white dwarfs. For 14 pairs orbit parameters were calculated and masses and luminosities of components were determined for the first time. ... As a result of a multifrequency monitoring of the variability of a micro quasar Cyg X-3 (X-ray binary system which probably consists of a black hole and a high mass Wolf-Rayet star) a high activity period was registered for the first time in the last 4 years. ... Archive . ...

... Hartmann Test Using a Screen With Four Holes 2 Hartmann test with four holes screen The theoretical concept of the primary aberrations measurement by four apertures Hartmann test introduced by "Malacara" * and "SalasPeimbert et. al. ... Black curve show the calculated coefficients for phase screens which have 8 modes of Zernike aberrations and red curve show the calculated coefficient for original phase screen. (a) astigmatism 45 (b) astigmatism 090 14 Coma Coma modes of Zernike aberration. ...

... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 An approximate projection of confidence ellipsoids of space objects positions onto the celestial sphere A. P. Baturin Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Tomsk, Russia The approximate method of calculation of a visible border of probable motion regions (PMR) for space objects (SO) has been considered. ... As a result, the simple analytical expressions for border points of PMR projection onto the celestial sphere have been obtained. ...

Next: Infrared Data Up: Contents Previous: Optical Photometry . ... For example, one method is to derive the spectral energy distribution (SED) for a target star and compare it to the SED of a dereddened standard star. ... Temperature can be determine via the B - V color (Gilliland 1985): . ... The results produced small extinctions to the background stars of between A and A . ... The most accurate extinction calculation requires both IR and spectral data. Infrared Data . Spectroscopic Data . ...