THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF REGOLITH AT THE MOON'S SOUTH POLE, ACCORDING TO DATA OF LUNAR PROSPECTOR AND LUNAR RECONNAISSANCE ORBITER MISSIONS. ... Introduction: The article tells about the results of integrated study of the craters at the Moon's South Pole with permanently shadowed region of craters. ... We have compared the ultimate composition of the soil matters in the craters with "cold traps" in the Moon's South Pole with regard to thorium, ferric oxide and hydrogen contents (Fig. ...

... We cannot use for this purpose equivalent widths and profiles of HI lines (well known criteria of atmospheric conditions for normal supergiants), since these lines are strongly distorted in the spectrum of IRAS04296 as seen in Fig. ... Figure: Upper: iron abundance FeI (circles) and FeII (crosses) calculated for IRAS04296+3429 with model parameters , and using lines with different excitation potentials EP of a low level; bottom: the same as a function of the equivalent width W . ...

... High-pressures experiments are mostly aimed at studying phase transformations in solids, synthesising new phases and studying their composition, crystal and magnetic structure, physical and thermodynamical properties. ... The specific feature of investigations at LHPP that distinguishes it from most other high-pressure laboratories is combining in situ measurements with studies at ambient pressure of new high-pressure phases fixed by quenching to liquid nitrogen temperature. ...

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... Because of the Earth 's gravity, atmosphere is horizontally stratified (see, e.g., Kelley, 1989). Its structure can be organized by using the neutral gas temperature, as shown in the figure from mid-latitudes (note the logarithmic altitude scale). When going upward from the ground within the lowermost atmospheric region, troposphere, the temperature decreases up to about 10 km altitude (tropopause). ... Here the radiation also ionizes the neutral atmosphere, creating the ionosphere . ... 1989. ...

Next: Pulsations Up: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Previous: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS . The fundamental properties of RCBs may be deduced from their spectra at maximum light. ... The properties of a stellar atmosphere may be measured from both the large-scale features - the broad-band flux distribution - and the detailed spectrum of absorption lines. ... They show that, in general, hydrogen makes up less than one part per thousand down to less than one part per million of the stellar atmosphere. ...

... It was mealtime in galaxy cluster Abell 3827. ... The Sun Erupts . ... The Sun is a seething ball of extremely hot gas. ... Red stars are cool, around 3,000 kelvins (K), while blue stars are hotter and can have temperatures over 30,000 K. Our own lovely yellow Sun's temperature is a comforting 6,000 K. Hydrogen Trifid . ... This cluster is loaded with gas and dust rich, star forming, spiral galaxies but has relatively few elliptical galaxies, which lack gas and dust and the associated newborn stars....

... The spectroscopic modes of JWST NIRSpec and MIRI cover the main molecular bands of gas in planet-forming regions, tracing gas at temperatures of 100-1000 K. The integral field units of JWST will resolve the molecular emission in nearby protoplanetary disks, while the high sensitivity will allow observations of disks as far away as the Magellanic Clouds, constraining the chemistry of planet formation in a wide range of environments. ...

... Preliminary analysis of early data returned by NASA's historic Galileo probe mission into Jupiter's atmosphere has provided a series of startling discoveries for project scientists. ... These initial findings are encouraging scientists to rethink their theories of Jupiter's formation and the nature of planetary evolution processes, according to probe project scientist Dr. Richard Young of NASA's Ames Research Center, Mountain View, CA. ... GIF, 29K ) . ... Structure of Jupiter's Atmosphere . ...

... The ionospheric plasma is composed of electrons and ions, freed from each other by ultraviolet energy from the sun. ... The spectrum below shows the widths associated with the hydrogen ions and the oxygen ions, assuming that they have the same temperatures. ... In the black and gray spectrum below, the oxygen ion and electron temperatures are the same. ... temperatures: electron, oxygen ion, and hydrogen ion . ion content: oxygen, helium, and hydrogen . velocities: oxygen ion and hydrogen ion. ...

... Moscow S. V. Ajukov THE SOLAR ENVELOPE PARAMETERS AND RADIATIVE OPACITIES IN THE MODELS OF THE PRESENT SUN Comparison of the different opacity tables at the solar core conditions. ... The convection zone depth versus the envelope entropy for the three opacity tables. ... The influence of opacity on the standard solar model parameters Increasing opacities from CS70 up to LAOL (WKM) (both in the core and the radiative zone) raises helium content by 4--5%. ... Solar models with modified opacities . ...

... Archives . ... Magnitude [Eqn] . ... Differential Emission Measures (DEMs) are a summary of the temperature structure of the outer atmospheres (aka coronae) of stars, and are usually derived from a select subset of line fluxes. ... is called the Differential Emission Measure and is a very useful summary of the temperature structure of stellar coronae. ... Tags: DEM , Differential Emission Measure , EotW , Equation , Equation of the Week , stellar coronae . ... Comment ( RSS ) | ... Chandra Blog . ...

MARS-96 . ... Brief description . ... Scientific goals . ... MEASUREMENTS OF THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF THE UPPER ATMOSPHERE . ... hydrogen, helium, and oxygen distribution in the upper atmosphere of Mars; . deuterium abundance in the Martian atmosphere; . ... neutral component of the interstellar-interplanetary medium. ... HI 1215,7 A (neutral atomic hydrogen); . DI 1215,3 A (neutral atomic deuterium); . HeI 584 A (neutral atomic helium); . OI 1304 A (neutral atomic oxygen); . ...

... This type of analysis requires careful intensity calibration of the Mopra observations. ... Figure 1: Comparison of SEST and Mopra data before and after calibration of the Mopra data. (a) SEST corrected antenna temperature (T A *) plotted with Mopra peak antenna temperature before calibration (Q T ). ... The calibrated Mopra observations can then be placed on the SEST antenna temperature scale using the linear fit from Figure 1b. This relationship is . T A *(SEST) = (1.62 ? 0.06)T A '(Mopra). ...

All stars derive their energy through the thermonuclear fusion of light elements in to heavy elements. High temperatures are required so that the mutual electrostatic repulsion of the protons in each fusing atomic nucleus is overcome. ... Elements with more protons in their nuclei require higher temperatures. ... This sequence is now shown in the animation below. ... First Step of the Proton-Proton Chain Narration . Second Step of the Proton-Proton Chain Narration . ...

... The goal of this analysis is to determine to what extent the systematic errors affect the measured eclipse depth and time of mid-eclipse. ch1 0.120 0.120 0.300 ch2 0.120 0.120 0.300 0.00213 0 .0 0 0 Tmid Kurtosis Poly Wave MCMC ch1 ch2 9 13 0.06 0.92 1.5 - 0 .2 3 0.00094 0.000 Figure 3: p vs. rank plots showing that with the extra systematic error added the results for the depth in channel 1 (left) and channel 2 (right) become close to Gaussian. ...

Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... Although their determination is based on the scattering process model, independent check-ups by rocket experiments have shown their correctness in experimental applications. ... Ionospheric data analysis, especially during strong disturbances, cannot be without some other kinds of diagnostic tools. ... The lack of data has always been a challange in this case. ...

... September 20, 1997 . The Clouds of Jupiter . ... Explanation: What makes the colors in Jupiter's clouds ? With a mean temperature of 120 degrees Kelvin (-153 degrees Celsius) and a composition dominated by hydrogen (about 90%), and helium (about 10%) with a smattering of hydrogen compounds like methane and ammonia, the blue, orange, and brown cloud bands and the salmon colored "red" spot are hard to explain. ... Alternatively, compounds of trace elements like sulfur may color the clouds. ...

The atmosphere of the Earth (from the Greek atmos - a steam and sphere) is an air environment around the Earth, rotating with it. Its mass is 5,15*1015 t. The composition near the surface is nitrogen - 78,1%, oxygen - 21%, argon - 0,9%, some percent parts of carbon dioxide, hydrogen, helium neon and other gases. ... At the 20 - 25 km of height there is an ozone layer saving the nature in the Earth alive. ... The atmosphere of the Earth possesses an electric field. ...

Ralph: Visible and infrared imager/spectrometer; provides color, composition and thermal maps. Alice: Ultraviolet imaging spectrometer; analyzes composition and structure of Pluto's atmosphere and looks for atmospheres around Charon and Kuiper Belt objects (KBOs). REX: Measures atmospheric composition and temperature; passive radiometer. ... SWAP: Solar wind and plasma spectrometer; measures atmospheric "escape rate" and observes Pluto's interaction with solar wind. ...