... He made observations of a supernova (literally: nova= "new star") in 1572 (we now know that a supernova is an exploding star, not a new star). ... Brahe's meticulous observations showed that the supernova did not change positions with respect to the other stars (no parallax). ... This was early evidence against the immutable nature of the heavens, although Brahe did not interpret the absence of parallax for stars correctly, as we discuss below. Brahe made careful observations of a comet in 1577. ...

... The Science Operation Department is composed of Astronomers, Telescope Instruments Operators(TIOs) and Data Handling Administrators(DHAs). ... Astronomers have proposed several methods to quantitatively measure the amount of turbulence above the telescope, which the most common ones is Differential Image Motion Monitor (DIMM). In optical testing, the Hartmann test is the common method to test the quality of optical components. ... Hartmann mask consists of 48 lenses. ...

... Research of an atmosphere of the Earth and other planets of Solar system by optical methods . ... The long-term experience of study of atmospheres of planets of Solar system in a department of physics of planets has defined directions and methods of researches spent for laboratory . ... The tasks of laboratory are researches by optical methods of structure of a Terrestrial atmosphere, namely study of spectra of absorption of its compound radiation of natural and artificial sources. ...

... We have developed an integrated system that performs astronomical observations in Near Infrared bands operating two-dimensional instruments at the Italian National Infrared Facility's ARNICA and LONGSP . ... The user interface is organized as widget-based X11 client. ... 1993; Di Giacomo et al. 1993). ... Moreover, if the interprocess communication interface includes support for networking, the software immediately becomes network distributed software. ... DESQview/X User Guide 1993, Quarterdeck . ...

WFC3 Instrument Handbook for Cycle 24 . ... Wide Field Camera 3 Instrument Handbook for Cycle 24 > Chapter 10: Overheads and Orbit Time Determinations > 10.1 Overview . ... After you establish a set of scientific exposures, as well as any additional calibration exposures required for your program, you are ready to determine the total number of orbits to request in your Phase I proposal. ... For example, an exposure totalling several hours will be interrupted by target occultations. ...

... Instruments . ... last 10 years in ADS) . in SAO press releases . ... Back to SAO homepage . Last update: . ... moisav sao.ru . Laboratory of Spectroscopy and Photometry of . ... SCORPIO Multimode focal reducer. SCORPIO-2 Multimode focal reducer (the project) . ... Longs-slit spectroscopy . Multi-slit spectroscopy . ... MPFS Multi Pupil Fiber Spectrograph (integral field) . MOFS Multi Object Fiber Spectrograph . ...

... Navigation in the near planetary space, Mars and Phobos observations. ... navigation in the near-planetary space based on images of Mars, Phobos and the starry sky; . Phobos high resolution imaging; . ... angle               angle . ... Number of TV-cameras                     2                       2 KNM — Mars Observation Camera — is being designed as the scientific instrument of the Phobos-Grunt mission. ... Both instruments are developed for Russian Phobos-Grunt project. ...

... It seems likely that field-aligned potential drops (upward directed electric fields) are formed to create this effect (e.g., Weimer and Gurnett, 1993), although different wave-related schemes have also been suggested (e.g., Bryant et al., ... Auroral arcs have been related to large, perpendicular electric field structures, electrostatic shocks , observed mostly at geocentric distances 1.4 - 1.8 Re (9000 - 12000 km altitude; Mozer et al., 1977; Torbert and Mozer, 1978; Mozer et al., ... Res. ...

Distributed Software for Observations in Near Infrared V. Gavryusev 1 and C. Baffa Osservatorio Astrofisico di Arcetri E. Giani Dipartamento di Astronomia, Universit`a di Firenze Abstract. ... The processes denoted for control of hardware (telescope and other instruments) should be executed currently on PC dedicated for this task under DESQview/X, while all other components (user interface, tools for the data analysis, etc.) can work also under Unix. ... 1993, Di Giacomo et al. 1993). ...

... Mt Stromlo will resume its mantle as the home of Australian astronomy through the planned redevelopment, which includes the placement of two telescopes on Mount Stromlo and one at the ANU Siding Spring Observatory near Coonabarabran, reconstruction of heritage buildings and enhanced viewing facilities for the public, including a new virtual reality theatre. ... Mt Stromlo is not just an icon of Australian science, it is the workplace of number of the world?s leading researchers,? ...

... Science Users Information > Observing with ESO Telescopes > Phase 2 Preparation > Observing conditions . ... Service Mode Philosophy . ... The following definitions of the observing conditions are common between Phase 1 preparation and Phase 2 preparation, as well as between Service Mode and Visitor Mode observations. ... There are additional Service Mode Policies and Service Mode Guidelines regarding the observing conditions. ... Seeing (Phase 1) and Image quality (Phase2) constraints . ... Moon . ...

Next: CCD Operation Up: Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) Previous: Charge Coupled Devices (CCDs) . ... However it is only now that a number of important X-ray astronomical applications of CCDs have reached critical development stages, so that this is an appropriate time to review the application of space-borne CCD instruments to cosmic X-ray astronomy, and highlight the particular concerns which are being addressed for X-ray instruments, as distinct from optical applications. ...

... Binary orbits in the acceleration/period plane . Circular Orbits . ... We first present the equations for the period and acceleration of a pulsar in an eccentric binary system as a function of its position in the orbit. ... In Freire, Kramer & Lyne (2001) (from where most of this text and following equations are taken), we describe in more detail how circular binary orbits can be determined from the observed periods and accelerations of the pulsar. ... where is the orbital period of the binary. ...

Static Fourier spectrometers are often used for spectral measurements of the ionosphere emissions. There are two main advantages of Fourier spectrometers (FS) - large geometric factor and high spectral resolution; these parameters are two orders better than for grating spectral instruments. ... In scanning Fourier spectrometer optical and electric modulation of signal is used to avoid this problem, for static Fourier spectrometer there are no such ways. ...

... This chapter describes the PEPSYS package for general photometric reductions. The function of photometric reductions is to measure and remove, so far as possible, the instrumental signature from the data. ... The package contains two main parts: a planning program and a reduction program. The planning program interacts with the user to find out the goals of the observing program, and then produces a schedule of the observations needed to meet those goals efficiently. ... ASCII source files . ...

... Over the last decade the uninterrupted, high-resolution coverage of the Sun both from the excellent range of telescopes aboard many spacecraft and from ground-based instruments has led to a wealth of observations of small-scale dynamic events observed from the chromosphere to the transition region and corona. ... SoHO observations have further characterized many transient features, such as bi-directional jets, blinkers, coronal jets, and bright points. ...

... The TESIS is a set of solar imaging instruments developed by the Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Science, and launched aboard the Russian spacecraft CORONAS-PHOTON on January 30, 2009. The main goal of the TESIS is to provide complex observations of solar active phenomena from the transition region to the inner and outer solar corona with high spatial, spectral and temporal resolution in the EUV and Soft X-ray spectral bands. ... Solar activity hits a new low . ...

... Research . ... The major problem in HVC research is the unknown distance towards most of the HVCs. ... Thilker et al. (2004) used the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to map an area of $7^{\circ} \times 7^{\circ}$ around M31 in H i . They discovered a population of HVCs located within a projected distance of about $50~\mathrm{kpc}$ from M31. ... 2004). ... The remaining HVCs around M31 are isolated in position and velocity and may represent primordial, dark-matter-dominated clouds. ...

... Torgashin Kotel'nilov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, Russian Academy of Science, Mokhovaya 11, 125009, Moscow, Russia A Superconducting Integrated Receiver (SIR) [1, 2] was proposed more than 10 years ago and has since then been developed for practical applications [3]. ... In particular we have developed integrated receiver for novel balloon borne instrument TELIS (TErahertz and submillimeter LImb Sounder) [6, 7]. ... The SIR for TELIS covers frequency range 450 -650 GHz. ...

... Meade Instruments Corporation . ... Meade Pictor XT-Series CCD Autoguider/Imagers . ... Take new sets of calibration frames if the temperature changes significantly.(or change the set you are using or the scaling if you are reusing calibration frames). ... You can also use scaleable dark frames called thermal frames. ... However, if you wish to reuse dark frames with images of different exposure times, you must turn the dark frame into a thermal frame by subtracting the bias information. ...