... The Sun of our solar system is a typical star of intermediate size and luminosity. ... The Sun has a very complex surface magnetic field created by convective flow of the electrically conducting solar material. ... The escaping hot coronal plasma is called the solar wind . ... See the table below for the observed features above the Sun's surface. ... Chromospheric features . Coronal features . ... dense clouds of material suspended above the surface of the Sun by magnetic field line loops . ...

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• Drift mechanisms [Oulu]
• Principles of the Magnetic Trapping of Particles
• Solar Energetic Particles

... The Sun is the closest star to us, and a regular object in our Galaxy. Solar activity manifests itself, primarily, in solar flares - episodic explosive energy release in the form of electromagnetic radiation and high energy particles (electrons and protons). The nature of the flares is related to cyclic variations of global and local magnetic fields in the atmosphere of the Sun. ... Such formations are called active regions. ...

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The space between the planets is far from empty. It contains: electromagnetic radiation (photons); hot plasma (electrons, protons and other ions) a.k.a. the solar wind ; cosmic rays; microscopic dust particles; and magnetic fields (primarily the Sun's). While the Sun 's radiation is obvious, the other components of the interplanetary medium were not discovered until very recently. ... Except near some of the planets, interplanetary space is filled with the Sun's magnetic field. ... Sun .. ...

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... Magnetic Storms . ... Cosmic Rays . ... Energetic Particles . ... Solar fast Particles . We cannot observe the way the distant universe accelerates cosmic rays or produces energetic photons, but acceleration processes also occur on our Sun , though on a much more moderate scale. ... That is why such events are often missed by cosmic ray detectors near the equator, where the lowest energies are excluded by the Earth's magnetic field. ... Should we be concerned about solar energetic radiation? ...

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• Energetic Particles
• Principles of the Magnetic Trapping of Particles
• Radiation Belts

... Peter B. Mozhaev , Ph.D. Complicated crystal structure and anisotropy of physical properties of the high critical temperature superconductors (HTSC) makes difficult reproducible fabrication of the multilayered epitaxial heterostructures of HTSC with necessary parameters. ... The goal of this project is study of growth and formation of the multilayer epitaxial heterostructures of HTSC of the ReBa 2 Cu 3 O x family (ReBCO, where Re is the rare earth element). ...

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• IRE RAS Laboratory of Electromagnetism

The radiation belts around the planets are the interrnal regions of planets' magnetospheres where the own magnetic field of a planet keeps the charged particles (protons and electrons) having the great kinetic energy. ... They usually distinguish the Earth's internal and external radiation belts. the internal radiation belt of the Earth has the maximum particles density (mainly protones) over the equator in the height of 22 thousand km. ... Jupiter and Saturn have the powerful radiation belts. ...

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• venera1e

... part 1 | ... The Basic Stages in Earth's Pre-geological Development . ... After fragments of the Vortex sleeves separated, whirlwinds of second and third orders ("NC" - new micro-vortex) were generated- future planet cores and their satellites - all of them developing independently, governed by the common laws of development of cosmogenic vortexes. ... Our planet's core today is comprised of considerably deteriorated cosmogenic vortex; consequently, the Earth has a moderated magnetic field. ...

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Next: Polarization efficiency: size/shape/orientation effects Up: Optical properties of cosmic Previous: The 2175? feature . To model the interstellar polarization one needs to calculate the forward-transmitted radiation for an ensemble of non-spherical aligned dust grains. ... Let non-polarized stellar radiation passes through a dusty cloud with a homogeneous magnetic field. ... The angle between the line of sight and the magnetic field is ( ). ... where the angle is connected with and ( ). ...

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• Linear polarization: wavelength dependence
• INTAS project 99/652: Publications
• WKB and eikonal approximations (high energy - HEA)

... Other Characteristics of the Sun: Variability of Rotation, Magnetism, Chemical Structure, Planetary System. ... Methods of Solar Magnetic Fields Measuring: Visual, Photografic, Photoelectric. ... Empiric Datas of Magnetic Fields in Photosphere, Chromosphere and Corona. ... Characteristics of Magnetic Field in Balanced Force Tubes by Potential and Forceless Field. ... Phenomenons in Active Region (Magnetic Field, Spots, Torches, Solar Prominences, Flares, Discharges. ... Magnetic Fields in Flares. ...

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• Near-Earth Space
• Solar-Terrestrial Connections
• MISSION WARNING

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

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SPACE WEATHER . The response of our space environment to the constantly changing Sun is known as space weather. ... Some of the most dramatic space weather effects occur in association with eruptions of material from the solar atmosphere into interplanetary space. ... Space weather disturbances are generally caused by solar storms. ... the Sun. ... Every object in the solar system experiences the equivalent of Earth's space weather, although its detailed characteristics differ from place to place. ...

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• Armagh Observatory
• J.G. Doyle, Research Astronomer
• Abstract 218

Hubble Observations Shed New Light on Jupiter Collision . Was it a comet or an asteroid? ... Their initial findings, combined with results from other space-borne and ground-based telescopes, shed new light on Jupiter's atmospheric winds, its immense magnetic field, the mysterious dark debris from the impacts, and the composition of the doomed comet itself. ... Hubble's ultraviolet observations show the motion of very fine impact debris particles now suspended high in Jupiter's atmosphere. ...

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• Arcetri Solar Physics Group: Solar Polarimetry
• Voyager Uranus Science Summary
• Research Activity

Spacecraft STP Data 1. ... This CD-ROM contains solar flare reports, sunspot numbers and regions histories, total solar irradiance, and solar bursts. ... MAGSAT - 2 discs. ... A Compilation of 1963-1999 Solar Wind Field and Plasma Data, Near Earth and Deep Space - 3 discs. This CD-ROM contains the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) and solar wind plasma (SWP) data from several spacecraft which have explored the near-Earth and deep space regions over the last three decades. ...

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... 9.06.2013 . ... With the Sun peaking at its eleven year maximum in aurora-triggering activity, it is exhibiting a greater abundance of sunspots , flares , and coronal mass ejections . Solar activity like this typically expels charged particles into the Solar System, some of which impact Earth's magnetosphere and trigger Earthly auroras . In late 2010, the above timelapse displays of picturesque auroras were captured above Tromsэ , Norway . ... Publications with keywords: aurora . ...

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• Journal "Peremennye Zvezdy"
• XWare > APOD

Next: References Up: No Title Previous: Scientifically discovered God . What does it mean, God being discovered scientifically, or Superintelligence? And what is the future science dealing with an endlessly complicated world? ... But a human lexicon has also so important words as ``to understand'' and ``to believe''. ... And how the scientifically discovered God which has been inevitably reached by the modern simple science correlates with the religious God? ...

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• Simple Universe
• Nomenclature

... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

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... Laboratory . ... webmaster@izmiran.ru . ... e-mail: karp@izmiran.ru . ... DEPENDENCE OF THE MIT SHAPE ON SOLAR ACTIVITY . ... The period considered was characterized by low solar activity (F 10.7 = 70) and increased magnetic activity. ... It follows from data shown in Fig. 9 and obtained by Deminov and Karpachev [1988] for high solar activity that (NmF2) ~ 2x10 4 and 4x10 4 cm -3 for near-midnight hours during local winter at F 10.7 ~ 70 and 200, respectively. ... C) 2007, IZMIRAN ...

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... In a solar prominence, charged particles stream up from the Sun, spiraling around magnetic field structures poking out of the solar surface, and ultimately fall back along those structures into the Sun. ... As evolution would predict, animals' eyes sense the colors of light emitted most strongly by the Sun. ... The tiny Moon can completely cover the disk of the Sun, blocking most of the emitted visible light, and reveal the Sun's faint outer atmosphere called the corona...a mass of incandescent gas ...

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• ASP: Astronomy Behind the Headlines
• ASP: The Comet About to Smash into Jupiter
• ASP: Good Astronomy Activities on the WWW

... Bad Astronomy . ... Mad Science . ... Keep Bad Astronomy close to your heart, and help make me filthy rich. ... I read in your archives that: "The black hole will slowly radiate away?. ... Since this represents energy leaving the black hole, it will slowly release all of its mass in this fashion." ... If a pair of particles is produced which gets its rest mass energy from the gravitational field of the hole, and one particle is lost, then there will be a decrease in the energy of the hole. ...

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. Subdwarfs . Metal deficient red giants in galactic field . Red horizontal branch stars . Blue horizontal branch stars . Extended horizontal branch stars . Stars inside globular clusters . W Vir type stars . IRAS-sources identified with peculiar supergiants . RCrB type stars . Sakurai's object . peculiar supergiant FG Sge .

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• Spectral energy distribution
• Laboratory of Astrospectroscopy
• THE MEASUREMENT OF MAGNETIC FIELDS IN THE SOLAR ATMOSPHERE ABOVE SUNSPOTS USING