... The concept of continuous solar wind developed in 1950's. First, Biermann (1951, 1957) observed comet tails as they passed close to the Sun , and explained the observed tail deflection by a continuous flux of protons from the Sun. Then Parker (1959) showed that the solar corona must expand, and called the outward streaming coronal gas 'solar wind'. ... The expanding solar wind drags also the solar magnetic field outward, forming what is called the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF) . ...

B?rbel Koribalski ( ATNF ) . ... The Grus-Quartet consists of four large spiral galaxies which are so close to each other that they should be interacting. The high starburst activity of two of the members, namely NGC 7552 and NGC 7582, is also thought to arise from tidal galaxy-galaxy interactions and subsequent formation of a bar in the disk. ... The colour gradient is in units of Jansky/beam km/s.) . The colour gradient is in units of km/s.) . ... Baerbel.Koribalski @ csiro.au ...

... Figure 8: Can you detect the motion of the near-Earth asteroid 2000PH against the background stars during its close approach to Earth around 27 July 2004? ... Down) observed and imaged the unusual near-Earth asteroid 2000PH during its close approach to the Earth around 27 July 2004. The observations were carried out remotely using the new 2m aperture Faulkes telescope situated on the 10,000-foot summit of Haleakala, on the island of Maui in Hawaii. ...

HI spectral-line observations of galaxies (Karen O'Neil) . Measuring the width, flux, etc. of the HI profile of two galaxies, using some combination of : dwarf emission line, HVC emission line, spiral emission line, and spiral absorption line. This project was designed to demonstrate the fundamentals of spectral line observing and position switching. ... The types of galaxies observed in this project are being kept open and will be determined when the project LST is known. ...

... This section highlights some typical FOC image characteristics. ... Occulting fingers located near the aperture entrance if the image size is greater than 512 x 512 pixels or if the FUV prism is in the beam. Reseau marks etched onto the faceplate of the detector to aid in geometric correction ( Figure 4.4 ). ... A faint diagonal parallel striping pattern called pattern noise . ... Warped edges ( Figure 4.4 ). ... Figure 4.5: FOC 512 x 512 Image Showing Faint "Thumbprint" Pattern or "Fringes" . ...

... The schedule assigned id (example: AS05) for your observing program. ... Use the time you started using the telescope including when you started taking calibrations. The time you opened for on sky observations can be entered later in the activity log. UTC End Time: . ... Focus Log: . ... The focus position can be obtained under the Telescope column of the System Status in ACP or from the run log. ... When all fields are filled out press this button to email the log to the ARCSAT and community. ...

The Chi-Square Goodness of Fit Statistic . This statistic enables us to test whether observed frequencies are close to . those we would expect. ... Expected frequencies . ... For example, if we . have an honest die we would expect 1/6 of all cases to show any of . ... So, for example, if we roll a die 60 times we would expect : . ... If we actually roll a die 60 times we wouldn't expect each of the faces . ... times each face actually comes up is the observed frequency for that face. ...

... The Sun has come all of one day away from breaking its record for the longest period of inactivity for the last decade - reaching a mid-summer low and falling into yet another state of "hibernation". Yesterday, on the first day of autumn, new sunspots appeared on the surface of the Sun following an absence of almost 50 days. ... The first low lasted 51 days, from 21 July until 11 September last year. ... Now, almost a year later, it seems the Sun has hit a new low almost as "deep" as the first. ...

In 1950 Jan Oort noticed that . no comet has been observed with an orbit that indicates that it came from interstellar space, . ... From this he proposed that comets reside in a vast cloud at the outer reaches of the solar system. ... Unfortunately, since the individual comets are so small and at such large distances, we have no direct evidence about the Oort Cloud. ... Its orbit is intermediate between the Kuiper Belt and what was previously thought to be the inner part of the Oort Cloud. ...

... Planets . ... Earth Satellites . ... Looking in the direction of the constellation Cygnus the Swan and launched by NASA in 2009 is the Kepler Space Observatory.Many previous missions searching for exoplanets mainly detected large giant planets, like large hot Jupiters (it is easier to detect larger planets).However KeplerтАЩs main objective is to search for much smaller planets located in a habitable zone which is not too close nor too far from their star; planets which may be just like our Earth. ...

... These data were originally part of a PhD-thesis at Leiden Observatory by M.H. Wieringa (1991). 1 name Name of source (char8, example : '76W0771*') 2 freq MHz Frequency of source detection in MHz (int, example : 327 or 608 ) 3 ra_1950 radians B1950 Right Ascension (in radians) ( real , example : 2.328327) 4 ra_1950_deg degrees B1950 Right Ascension (in degrees) ( real , example : 133.403290) 5 ra_err seconds Error in RA ( ... 70W : Umi, 327 MHz only, one field. ... Columns 21 Rows 5850...

HI Distribution in the Region . of the Supernova Remnant G78.2+2.1 ( 2001 ). ... Based on RATAN-600 21 cm line observations with an angular resolution of 2.4' over a wide range of radial velocities, we analyze the neutral-hydrogen distribution in the region of the supernova remnant (SNR) G78.2+2.1. ... The brightness distribution of H I features at a radial velocity of +10 km/s after an extended background in the region of the Cygnus X radio source and SNR G78.2+2.1 has bee subtracted. ...

... The most spectacular view however is from space, where large areas of aurora can be observed simultaneously, even the entire polar cap. ... Such pictures often show a continuous ring of aurora around the polar cap (picture above), caused mostly by electrons leaking out along magnetic field lines, from the plasma sheet of the Earth's magnetic tail. ... Field lines from the auroral oval are believed to lead to the plasma sheet. ... A near-Earth circular polar orbit has many uses. ...

... OOF . ALMA . ... OOF Index . Zernike Polys . GBT example . ... Observed data and analysis . The observed beam maps are shown in the first row of the table below. ... We show the best-fitting aperture and the best-fitting beams as the number of Zernike orders used for the fitting is increased. A sample OOF observed data set (top row) and the results of analysis with increasing number of Zernike polynomials used to parameterise the aperture. ... In-focus beam . ... Observed beams . ...

... Credit: Malin Space Science Systems , MGS , JPL , NASA Explanation: Almost on cue , as Mars nears it's closest approach to planet Earth in recorded history, ominous seasonal dust storms are beginning to kick up. Observers worry that the activity may presage the development of a planet wide dust storm , frustrating attempts to view Mars in the coming months, a situation similar to the Red Planet's uncooperative behavior in 2001. ... Victoria Crater on Mars . ... Inside Victoria Crater on Mars . ...

... Views of Martian Clouds . ... Although not as pronounced as on Earth , clouds are common features on Mars. The Martian atmosphere has only a trace of water vapor; however, the temperature and pressure is such that the atmosphere is usually close to saturation and produces clouds. Even from Earth based telescopes, clouds have been observed by transient brightening on the surface of Mars. ... Lee waves . ... Wave clouds . ... Image Credit: Calvin J. Hamilton) . Lee Wave . ... Wave Clouds . ...

... Activity 3: Measuring the Position of the Sun in the Sky . Purpose: To give students the opportunity to measure the position of the Sun in the sky using simple tools and methods. ... Alternatively, you may have students devise their own methods of relative measurement and apply them to measuring the position of the Sun in the sky. ... Rangi is the sky, and when the Sun is near Rangi's head it is summer in New Zealand. ... Read the Maori story to students. ... back to Teachers' Newsletter Main Page ...

... The earliest X--ray observations were carried out in the mid--1970s. X--ray luminosities of order L erg/sec were detected in the 2-11 keV range in the direction of the Orion star forming region. ... These observations showed that the O and B stars were the brightest X--ray sources, and that TTs were also associated with emission. Feigelson and Kriss (1981) showed that some of the X--ray sources were associated with PMS stars which had not been previously detected which H surveys. ...

... Correia, S., Carbillet, M., Fini, L., Bertero, M., Boccacci, P., Vallenari, A., Richichi, A., & Barbati, M. 2001, in ASP Conf. ... AIRY is a modular software package designed to simulate optical and near-infrared interferometric observations and/or to perform subsequent image restoration/deconvolution. ... Bertero, M., Boccacci, P., Correia, S., & Richichi, A. 2000, in Interferometry in Optical Astronomy , ed. P. J Lena & A. Quirrenbach, SPIE 4006, 514 . ...

... Observatory . ... Science . ... Science Users Information > Data Handling and Products > Data Reduction FAQ > My data shows an extended, bright feature - what can this be? ... Observing Facilities . ... Observing with ESO Telescopes . ... Science Data Products Forum . ... ESO Data . ... You might also want to check http://www.eso.org/sci/observing/PublicSurveys/useful_links/OmegaCAM_images.html where we provide a collection of example OmegaCAM images, illustrating some special data features. ...