... Assured of a reliable method of solving the normal equations, we now consider the equations of condition. The observed magnitude m of a star at M air masses with true instrumental magnitude is modelled as ([ 10 ], [ 28 ]) . ... The effective extinction coefficient depends on the effective spectral gradient [ 29 ] of the star, for which we use some color index, affected by half the atmospheric reddening ([ 26 ], [ 10 ]): . ... Thus, for the B band of UBV, we use the (U-V) color. ...

The efficiency of interaction of radiation with a particle and hence its optical properties depend on the particle chemical composition, size, shape, structure, etc. ... Particle size expressed in units of the wavelength of incident radiation, together with chemical composition, most strongly affects the optical properties of a scatterer. ... There are many methods to solve the light-scattering problem for a homogeneous spheroid (our survey of the light-scattering methods see here ). ...

... ratios Evolution Equations with · Now write · Evolution equations now · Define trajectories via Cosmic Trajectories Dust =0 de Sitter phase Radiation =1/3 Initial singularity Cosmic Trajectories · For a range of initial conditions, models re-focus around the flat ... case · For decoupled matter and radiation can solve the equations exactly · Solutions governed by two constants: Non-Euclidean Geometry · Axioms of ...

Next: Initial conditions Up: Old neutron star distribution Previous: Introduction . The problem to be solved is to find stationary space distribution of stars which have had certain initial space and velocity distributions and move in a given potential. ... In principle, the most straightforward way to obtain the solution is to integrate directly the equations of motion for a sufficiently large number of stars with different initial conditions. ... Then space density is given by . ...

There are many ordinary/partial differential equations/systems describing various phenomena in physics, mechanics, chemistry, biology, sociology, etc. ... Prerequisites: 1 semester "Advanced Calculus", 1 semester "Linear Algebra". Optional: 2 semester "Advanced Calculus", 2 semester "Linear Algebra", 1 semester "Functions of Complex Variables", elements of the functional analysis and the ordinary differential equations theory. ... Laplace transform for linear differential equations . ...

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Consequences of Impacts of Cosmic Objects in Circumstances of Changing Climate . ... The consequences of the impacts of asteroids about 1 km in size on the Earth are considered from the viewpoint of their negative effects under conditions when the climate changes. These effects are ejection of greenhouse gases, fires, changes in surface albedo, and global dispersion of asteroid material. ...

... We study in this paper the effect of shock excitation of leaky and surface modes by the p-polarized electromagnetic wave incident on the rapidly ionized gaseous or solid layer. ... For example, if [pic] (solid density, multiple ionized plasma), the basic frequency [pic], [pic], [pic] we find, that the wavelength of leaky wave [pic] is in soft x rays band. ... If [pic] (low density gaseous plasma), the basic frequency [pic], [pic], [pic] we find, that the wavelength of leaky wave [pic] is in THz band...

Simple Waves Reference: Landau & Lifshitz, Fluid Mechanics 1 Nonlinear waves 1.1 Small amplitude waves When we considered sound waves we considered small amplitude perturbations to the fluid equations. In 1D 2 1 2 ------------ ­ ----- ------------ = 0 2 x 2 cs t 2 (1) Astrophysical Gas Dynamics: Simple Waves 1/33 The solution to this equation, of course, is: = f 1 x ­ c s t + f 2 x + c s t (2) where f 1 and f 2 are arbitrary functions. ... Astrophysical Gas Dynamics: Simple Waves 14/33 NB. ...

... Mokhovaya st., 11, Moscow, 103907, Russia. ... Proceedings of the 6th IEEE International Specialist Workshop on Nonlinear Dynamics of Electronic Systems, Budapest, Hungary, 16-18 July, 1998 , pp. ... The method for synchronization of drive-response systems on conditions of a large mismatch of parameters is considered on example of the system based on modified Chua's circuit. The approach to information transmission using such method is proposed. ...

... This method is based on putting space modules, vehicles and EVA-suit donned cosmonauts in the swimming pool under conditions of neutral buoyancy, indifferent equilibrium and unsupported state. ... You can also dive into the swimming pool with the SCUBA equipment in order to examine the mock-ups of space stations and vehicles and pass a course of rehabilitation in a hyperbaric oxygenation complex. ... Services / Hydrospace: General description Technical description "Orlan" suit Photo gallery Price . ...

... In our numerical experiments we mainly considered two sets of simulated data provided by R. Hanisch, namely the Star Cluster and the Elliptical Galaxy 2 (Hanisch 1993). Fig. 1 shows the relative error (the inverse of the signal-to-noise ratio) achieved using the Tikhonov method in the restoration of the above mentioned images. ... As a result, Tikhonov regularization takes about sec on the initial mesh and sec on an extended mesh (IBM RISC 6000/560 with ESSL 2). ...

. IMA Conference on Multiscale Stochastic Processes Analyzed using multifractals and wavelets, Cambridge UK, March 29-31, 1993. Unpublished. The main results appear in appendix to my `Hamiltonian' paper . Jacques Lewalle, jlewalle@syr.edu

... The procedure of radiometer signal integration can be considered as a sort of reducing dimension of the initial sampling space, where the samples are the result of analog-to-digital conversion. ... The probability distribution of the signal and spikes is completely known. ... The quality of the considered algorithm could be also illustrated by Figure 2 . ... One could see the considered adaptive algorithm is preferable even by low degree of compression, because all spikes have been depressed. ...

Next: Other deconvolution tasks Up: Image Deconvolution Previous: Computation . If you have used multi-frequency synthesis in the imaging stage, you will have to have considered a fly in the ointment - the flux density of the source will vary with frequency (as well as spatially). For detection and low dynamic-range work, mild spectral variation can generally be ignored. ... The Miriad deconvolution task mfclean can be used to avoid this distortion. ...

Subject, Problems and Objects of Theoretical Astrophysics. ... Stellar Photospheres, Their Features. ... Physics of Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres. ... Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres of Various Spectral Classes. Solar Type Photospheres. ... Characterisics of Absorption Lines. ... Interstellar Absorption Lines, Their Features. ... Physical and Dynamic Features of Interstellar Medium, Which Follows from Observations of Interstellar Absorption Lines. ...

Do we need various assumptions to get a good FCN? A new multiple layer spectral method Cheng-li HuangMian Zhang Shanghai Astron. ... No FCN ! ... FCN,FCN,FCN.. Multiple layer spectral method (MLSM) + Linear Operator Method (LOM) Finite Element Method (FEM) · · Traditional approach solves one order ellipsoid only. ... Main Idea of FEM Boundary Surface could be described as: Let's consider how to solve the dynamic equation: Traditional Approach: Equivalent Spherical Domain . ...

... We present a computer program for modelling energy flux distribution and light curves of eclipsing binaries from far ultraviolet to infrared regions. The Roche model is assumed. Proximity effects of components (reflection of radiation and surface gravity darkening) are taken into account. ... Figure 1: The surface temperature distribution for Algol A-B system before (upper plot) and after (lower plot) correction for temperature due to the irradiation effect. ...

... Apache HTTP Server Version 2.4 . Apache > HTTP Server > Documentation > Version 2.4 > Rewrite . ... It describes how you can use mod_rewrite to create dynamically configured virtual hosts. mod_rewrite is not the best way to configure virtual hosts. ... Virtual Hosts For Arbitrary Hostnames . Dynamic Virtual Hosts Using mod_rewrite . ... RewriteEngine on RewriteMap lowercase int:tolower RewriteCond ${lowercase:%{ HTTP_HOST }} ^www\. ([^.]+) \.example\.com$ RewriteRule ^(.*) /home/ %1 /www$1 . ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...