Hubble Finds Oxygen Atmosphere On Jupiter's Moon Europa . Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have identified the presence of an extremely tenuous atmosphere of molecular oxygen around Jupiter's second moon, Europa . ... Europa's oxygen atmosphere is so tenuous that its surface pressure is barely one hundred billionth that of the Earth," said Principal Investigator Doyle Hall, of Johns Hopkins. ... The oxygen gas slowly leaks into space and must be replenished continuously. ...

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• Voyager Jupiter Science Summary
• Saturn's Moon Phoebe
• Saturn's Moon Titan

Ganymede is the largest moon in our solar system, larger even than the planets Pluto and Mercury. ... Ganymede's surface consists of two main types of terrain: old, dark polygonal units, and young, bright valleys and ridges (see figure 11 ). ... In a similar way, hitting a large block of ice with a hammer makes white marks. ... Ganymede as seen by Voyager 2. ... Because Voyager couldn't spot any large impact craters, scientists have concluded that the moon's surface is young. ... Moon . ... Europa . ...

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• ASP: Science@Saturn: Cassini-Huygens Mission to Saturn and Titan
• ASP: The Magellan Spacecraft at Venus

... Bad Astronomy . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... Bad Astro Store . ... Site Info . ... It is from from Voyager 1 and shows a whopping big impact crater dominating the profile of the moon. Note that Mimas is about 400 kilometers across (about 250 miles). ... The wall around the crater is 5 kilometers high, and that central peak rises 6 kilometers above the surface (many impact craters have a large central peak which is caused by a pressure rebound from the impact). ... 2008 Phil Plait. ...

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... Why does X-ray astronomy require satellite telescopes? ... That is why scientists use space based satellites to record and observe data from X-ray sources. ... It primarily observes X-ray sources and has a moderate imaging capabilities. ... X-rays (because of their short wavelengths) , as opposed to visual light, can penetrate through otherwise opaque objects e.g. bones X-rays can observe celestial objects that emit shorter wavelengths such as galaxies , quasars, and black holes. ... X-ray image . ...

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... SSAU History . ... The Ground Control Complex for Small Spacecraft of Samara State Aerospace University took control of the satellites Aist-1 . ... The data received from SSAU scientific equipment on board of the satellites Aist-1 was processed by the engineers of the Rocket and Space Centre and then was transferred to the university scientists. ... On April 19, 2013 the first small spacecraft Aist-1 was launched from the space-launch complex Baykonur together with a research satellite Bion-M No. ...

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• SSAU scientists continue to prepare for the first launch campaign from the
• SSAU scientists will 'teach' nanosatellites to manoeuvre in orbit
• Young scientists of Samara University began to make the most complete database

... Galileo Images of Io . ... Galileo Finds Giant Iron Core in Jupiter's Moon Io . ... The temperature on Io's surface is about -143? C (-230? F); however, a large hot spot associated with a volcanic feature measured about 17? C (60? F). ... Io's rotation . ... This pair of Hubble images of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io shows the surprising emergence of a 320-kilometer (200-mile) diameter, large yellowish-white feature near the center of the moon's disk (photo on the right). ... Volcanic Plumes . ...

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• The Voyager Planetary Mission
• Saturn
• Saturn [Oulu]

... Scroll right to see the panoramic view captured last week by the Huygens probe as it descended toward Saturn's mysterious moon. ... Found among the SMC's clusters and nebulae NGC 346 is a star forming region about 200 light-years across, pictured above by the Hubble Space Telescope. Titan Landscape . ... After a seven year interplanetary voyage on board the the Cassini spacecraft, the European Space Agency's Huygens probe parachuted to a historic landing on Saturn's moon Titan on January 14. ...

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... Dr David Jauncey, CSIRO. ... Email: Dave.Jauncey@atnf.csiro.au . ... In Australia: . ... Tel: (02) 9372 4416 (bh), (02) 9369 9591 (ah), 0417 288 307 (mobile) . ... Dr Dick Manchester, CSIRO Australia Telescope National Facility. ... See also: Pulsar - Supernova Remnant Project , The Parkes 21 cm Multibeam Project , CSIRO Media Release . ... Tel: 02 9372 4301 (BH), 02 9869 8656, email: director@atnf.csiro.au . ... Helen Sim (hsim@atnf.csiro.au) --- Phone: +61 (0) 2 9372 4251, Fax: +61 (0)2 9372 4310 ...

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• ATNF Media Release - December 1, 1998
• Small_scope_radio_jove
• ATNF Daily Astronomy Picture

... Some researchers think that increased pollution decreases rainfall by dispersing the same amount of water over more seeds, preventing them from growing large enough to fall as rain. ... International Year of Astronomy, Ireland National Node . ...

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• Armagh Observatory
• Atmospheres
• Measuring Internet Access

... NASA Astronaut (FORMER) . ... As an MVL team member, he conducted neurovestibular research on astronauts on the Spacelab Life Sciences 2 shuttle mission (STS-58). ... Beginning in January 2012, Robinson served as Director of the NASA Johnson Space Center Virtual Reality Laboratory as well as Chief of Aviation Safety for the Astronaut Office. ... Dr. Stephen Robinson has flown on four space shuttle missions and has served as a backup crew member for the fourth crew of the International Space Station:...

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• Astronaut Bio: Shannon Lucid (02/2012)
• Astronaut Bio: J. Hoffman 9/02
• Astronaut Bio: Don Pettit (07/2012)

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... Comets and Asteroids . ... Image credit:ESO/J.Emerson/VISTA. ... However others are less pessimistic and it has even been claimed that the mysterious ?Wow! signal? received in 1977 originated from the direction M55.б? Sadly, this still unexplained pulse of radio energy originated from a location rather to the northwest of M55 so I doubt if the source was this cluster (if indeed the signal was genuinely of extraterrestrial origin). ... Mysterious Wow! ...

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• Kepler 36b and c: Too Close for Comfort | Astronotes
• How has Mars changed over billions of years? | Astronotes
• Armagh Planetarium: can YOU be a Rocket Scientist? | Astronotes

. The XMM-Newton website has moved to the following location: . http://www.cosmos.esa.int/web/xmm-newton

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... milky way . ... Study claims Milky Way dark matter half what scientists thought . ... DARK MATTER . ... A new measurement of dark matter in the Milky Way has revealed there is half as much of the mysterious substance as previously thought. ... Kafle was able to measure the mass of the dark matter in the Milky Way by studying the speed of stars throughout the galaxy, including the edges, which had never been studied to this detail before. ... Scientists discover hidden galaxies behind the Milky Way ....

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• Scientists identified galaxies at 600 million light-years after the Big Bang in
• Scientists discover that Milky Way was struck some 100 million years ago, still
• Scientists see solar outburst in exquisite detail | Astronomy.com

... As a result of BTA observations of 23 chemically peculiar stars with strong magnetic fields, it was found that in 22 of them the longitudinal magnetic field, measured from the hydrogen line cores are considerably lower (by about 1/3) than the value measured from metal lines in the same spectra. ... New approaches need to be developed in order to interpret the data. ... The Zeeman spectrum of a star with a strong magnetic field, 53 Cam. ...

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• SciNews archive

... 2000 October 19 . The Farthest Explosion Yet Measured . ... What is known is that satellites across our Solar System reported on 2000 January 31 a tremendous explosion of gamma rays had occurred towards some previously uninteresting direction. ... The VLT not only recorded an optical counterpart , shown above , but also was able to estimate that the cosmologically-induced redshift was an astonishing 4.5 -- placing GRB000131 farther across the universe than any explosion so measured. ...

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• Jupiter
• APOD: May 27, 1999 - NGC 4603 and the Expanding Universe
• Titan

... Polish scientists at the Space Research Centre, Polish Academy of Sciences, in Wroclaw, south-west Poland, have constructed an instrument called SphinX (short for Solar PHotometer In X-rays), which is an X-ray spectrophotometer, that will obtain spectra in the energy range 0.5--15 keV in 256 energy channels with frequency of up to 100 times a second. ... SphinX is part of a package of instruments known as TESIS (PI Prof. Sergei Kuzin, Lebedev Institute, Moscow). ... Space Research Centre, . ...

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• TESIS has recorded new sizeable mass ejections from the Sun's atmosphere
• Project's diary

Supernova Cosmology: Legacy and Future, (preprint) . Goobar, A. and Leibundgut, B. Annual Reviews of Nuclear and Particle Science , 2011, 61, 251 . Cosmological Implications from observations of Type Ia Supernovae, . ... Type Ia Supernovae, . ... Leibundgut, B., Suntzeff, N. B. in "Supernovae and Gamma-Ray Bursts", 2003, . ... Cosmology with Supernovae, . ... Leibundgut, B. in Frontiers of Cosmology, 2005, . ... Twenty Years of SN 1987A . ... ApJS, accepted . ... ApJ, 782, 28 . ...

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• First Rotation Period of Kuiper Belt Object Measured (ESO PR Photo 41/98)
• Clearing the Cosmic Fog | ESO
• 1994 TG2

We have measured stellar photometry with the Hubble Space Telescope Wide Field Camera 3 (WFC3) and Advanced Camera for Surveys in near ultraviolet (F275W, F336W), optical (F475W, F814W), and near infrared (F110W, F160W) bands for 117 million resolved stars in M31. As part of the Panchromatic Hubble Andromeda Treasury survey, we measured photometry with simultaneous point-spread function (PSF) fitting across all bands and at all source positions after precise astrometric image alignment ( . ...

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• Supersonic Motions in the Upper Atmosphere of Jupiter Detected at Ly- with GHRS
• Mode = POSConfig = FGS
• All kinds of death - 12

... The ionospheric plasma is composed of electrons and ions, freed from each other by ultraviolet energy from the sun. ... The spectrum below shows the widths associated with the hydrogen ions and the oxygen ions, assuming that they have the same temperatures. ... In the black and gray spectrum below, the oxygen ion and electron temperatures are the same. ... temperatures: electron, oxygen ion, and hydrogen ion . ion content: oxygen, helium, and hydrogen . velocities: oxygen ion and hydrogen ion. ...

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• Asteroid 1998 QE2 and Moon Safely Pass Earth
• aeronomy software
• Modeling the Spectrum

Nowadays at the Department the experimental and theoretical investigations, including astronomical and ionospheric observations, active experiments with space vehicles are taking place. ... Solar Corona physics and erruptive phenomenae. ... Stellar astronomy. ... The Department has organized and put into practice more then 50 expeditions for observation of Solar ecllipces, aurorae polaris, comets, meteor streams, controlled space experiments, and also for investigations of geophysical characteristics. ...

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• HIGH RESOLUTION IONOSPHERIC MASS SPECTROMETER P-11
• EUV PHOTOMETERS PHEUV
• Laboratory static Fourier-spectrometer