The efficiency of interaction of radiation with a particle and hence its optical properties depend on the particle chemical composition, size, shape, structure, etc. ... Particle size expressed in units of the wavelength of incident radiation, together with chemical composition, most strongly affects the optical properties of a scatterer. ... There are many methods to solve the light-scattering problem for a homogeneous spheroid (our survey of the light-scattering methods see here ). ...

11 august 2014/Monday: Arriving, Registration . ... The variation of solar flare coronal X-ray source spatial properties. ... Melnikov V.F., Charikov Yu.E., Kudriavtsev I.V. Directivity of X-ray and gamma-ray emission from different parts of flaring magnetic loops. ... E., Melnikov V.F. Angular characteristics of polarization degree of hard X-ray emission from different parts of flaring magnetic loops. ... The thick target model and analytical calculations of the hard X-ray emission from solar flares. ...

... Low Polar Orbit . ... Different types of satellite orbits have different uses: while the synchronous orbit is best for communication satellites, Lagrangian point orbits help monitor the solar wind before it reaches Earth. ... Many spacecraft use such orbits, e.g. the US Air Force surveillance satellites of the DMSP series, or the series of French Earth-resources spacecraft SPOT . ... If the satellite then starts near a noon-midnight orbit, it will always pass near noon and near midnight. ...

... Magnetic fields, subatomic particles, etc., traveling in different directions fill the universe. Do they deflect or otherwise affect one another? If so, isnт??t the information we get from them distorted? ... Neutrino astronomy, which is still in its infancy, is attractive because neutrinos interact so weakly with matter that few of these distorting effects occur. Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ...

... The high energy particles (mainly protons and alpha particles) found in the interplanetary space constitute what is called cosmic rays. ... galactic cosmic rays (GCR) originating far outside our solar system . ... anomalous cosmic rays" (ACR) originating from the interstellar space beyond the heliopause . ... The anomalous cosmic rays are most likely produced by neutral atoms in the interstellar space, which . ... The anomalous cosmic rays differ from others by their composition. ...

... Particle Sizes in Saturn's Rings . ... Explanation: What size particles compose Saturn's rings? ... The experiment was sensitive to ring particle sizes because ring particles much larger than a broadcast radio wavelength will reflect those radio waves away. ... The white center of Saturn's B-ring indicates that the density of ring particles was too high to make a good determination. Other radio observations indicate that some ring particles can be as large as several meters across. ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

... Particle Sizes in Saturns Rings . ... Credit Copyright: RSS , JPL , ESA , NASA Explanation: What size particles compose Saturn's rings? To help find out, the robot Cassini spacecraft now orbiting Saturn broadcast radio waves of three different wavelengths right through the rings to Earth earlier this month. The experiment was sensitive to ring particle sizes because ring particles much larger than a broadcast radio wavelength will reflect those radio waves away. ... NASA Official: Jay Norris. ...

... The polarimetry group at the Arcetri Observatory has been working for several years, mainly from the theoretical-interpretative side, on the polarization of the radiation emitted by objects of astrophysical interest. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The physics of polarization" in "Astrophysical Spectropolarimetry", J. Trujillo Bueno, F. Moreno Insertis, F. Sanchez (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 1. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The Zeeman effect: applications to solar physics" Astron. ...

Next: A Universal Diagram for Up: ``Ecology'' of Magnetic Rotators Previous: The Corotation Radius . The interaction of a magnetic rotator with the surrounding plasma to a large extent depends on the relation between the four characteristic radii: the stopping radius, , the gravitational capture radius,   , the light cylinder radius,   , and the corotation radius,   . ... Hence, the classification of the interaction regimes may well mean the classification of magnetic rotators. ...

Orbital intersection . ... Structure of Taurid stream . ... Meteoroid swarm and Taurid fireballs . ... The following four diagrams schematically show four different Taurid orbits and the orbits of Earth and Jupiter. ... The Taurid stream contains particles (small, solid grains) at different stages of their precession cycles. ... The study of when a meteor stream can produce a meteor shower is the study of when precession brings orbits to intersection with Earth, or e.g. with Mars . ...

... The visibility datasets possibly contain correlations for different polarizations and Stokes parameters. There are two basic ways that polarization characteristics can be measured: firstly, two orthogonal feeds can be present on the antennas, and the four different polarization correlations from a baseline can be taken and recorded. ... There are two ways the user can determine which polarizations he or she wants to process, either with the select parameter, or with the stokes parameter. ...

Proceedings of the Particle Physics and Early Universe Conference (PPEUC). ... M.P. Hobson & A.W. Jones . ... A maximum entropy method (MEM) is presented for separating the emission due to different foreground components from simulated satellite observations of the cosmic microwave background radiation (CMBR). In Jones & Hobson (1998, these proceedings) , the method is applied to simulated observations by the proposed Planck Surveyor satellite. ... 1 Introduction . ... PPEUC Proceedings . ...

The beam pattern and the polarization characteristics . of the radio telescope RATAN-600 . The Mueller matrix elements was computed via formulas [1]: . ... The BP were computed by the aperture method, proceeding from the fild distribution in the aperture of the primary mirror. The components of the main and cross-polarization components of the electric field in the vertical aperture of the primary mirror was computed in Frenel diffraction approximation. ...

... So far, there are no corrections for the particle background component that may be different in the source and background regions. ... These calibrations, which are critically required, should tell us about the most reliable way to estimate the particle component in a given region. ... The most straightforward way will be to decompose the background input spectrum as the sum of a ``sky'' component and a particle component computed in the background region. ...

Atmospheric influence on the different radio-engineering system functioning . ESTIMATION OF ATMOSPHERIC OPTICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND REMOTELY SANSED IMAGE CORRECTION . ... Direct transmittance estimation results for 12 channels of the spectrometer CHRIS. ... We have managed to develop a direct method of estimating the discrete Normalized Atmospheric Point Spread Function (NAPSF) from available images alone, not using any external sources of information about the atmosphere. ... IRE RAS 1996-20 11 ...

... This precise description is called the standard model of electroweak physics. ... What brings about this important difference in the mass of these "field" particles? ... The Oregon group participates in the ATLAS experiment to investigate this question. ... Since Oregon joined ATLAS early in 2006, the group has devoted its effort to the process of selection of interesting events generated by the collisions of high energy particles within the ATLAS detector. ...

This is a tabulation of interstellar dust scattering properties dertermined from observations of various astrophysical objects (eg., ... Almost all studies in this field aim to determine the single scattering albedo (a) and scattering phase function asymmetry (g = <cos( )>) as different wavelengths. ... Plot Details . ... Plot details links to a page describing the studies included in the plot, the radiative transfer model used in each study, and an ascii listing of data plotted. ...

... Archives . ... If you do not mind the time predictor, it is hard to believe that this is a light curve, time dependent data. ... It?s hard to say this data set is designed for time series analysis apart from the complication in statistical inference due to measurement errors. How to design the statistical study with measurement errors, huge gaps in time, and unequal time intervals is complex and unexplored. ... The following is R output without measurement errors. ... Chandra Blog . ...

. Figure 3. SOHO/EIT derotated 6-hour difference images of the 14 July 2000 event in four diverse-temperature lines 171, 195, 284, and 304 . For each line, the 13 UT heliogram is subjected to the suppression of the `snowstorm' produced by energetic particles, and only dimmings (i.e. structures of negative resulting intensity) are shown. Different appearance of the images is due to different exposure times.