... There are a lot of computer codes simulating this scattering and freely available in the Internet (see e.g. links on our JPDOC page ). ... The code and input file are available in the directory . ... A slightly modified code of Barber Hill with a C-shell and input files is available in the directory . ... The code, input and test output files are available in the directory . ... See also readme file. file. ... The code, input file and their description (a TeX file) are available in the directory . ...

... The hotter the gas, the faster they move, and the more energy each of them holds. The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much , much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ...

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... Energy . ... The free ions and electrons in a plasma behave the same way. Knowing the temperature of the high atmosphere of Earth, or that of the Sun, we can calculate energies expected of ions and electrons found there. However, ions and electrons actually observed in space are often much, much more energetic, and may move at a respectable fraction of the velocity of light (300,000 km/sec or 186,000 miles/sec). ... Typical energy of an electron in the polar aurora. 40,000 ev . ... 50,000 ev . ...

... The forces of the mobile are calculated using a grid scheme. ... The initial parameters are coded in the file names: The number after Speed is the pattern speed of the initial quadrupole field and frac is the fraction of disk particles . [agris@mizar ~/ Mar ]# ll ~/public_html/Larry/ 6033838 Mar 2 10:14 Speed -0.08- frac -0.0g.ps 6035344 Mar 2 10:14 Speed -0.08- frac -0.1g.ps 6040839 Mar 2 10:14 Speed -0.16- frac -0.0g.ps 8778756 Mar 2 10:14 ...

Proceedings of the Particle Physics and Early Universe Conference (PPEUC). For this paper: postscript PPEUC CMB index 1 Introduction.. ... Combining measurements of the thermal Sunyaev--Zel'dovich effect with X-ray data allows calculation of a direct, physical estimate of Hubble's Constant ( ) without the need for distance-ladder-type arguments. ... 1 Introduction . ... 3 Calculating Hubble's Constant . 4 Errors In Determination of . ... PPEUC Proceedings . Fri Jun 27 15:29:33 BST 1997 ...

Next: Field of View Up: CCD Scientific Performance Previous: Back Illumination . The CCD acts as a storage medium, and with frame times of the order seconds, there is no obvious method of employing prompt co-incidence rejection of charged particle events. ... In conventional CCDs, a m track length results in an equivalent energy deposition of 5 - 6 keV, and significant confusion with X-ray events arises. ... A trade-off between rejection efficiency and spectroscopic efficiency is required. ...

Next: Discussion Up: Old neutron star distribution Previous: Galactic potential . It proves to be teachful to have a look at the calculated distribution (Fig. ... The galactic z -distribution of stars and peculiar velocities slightly smear out this narrow boundary. ... The final picture (Fig. ) of the old neutron star density distribution is obviously the sum of filled equipotential lobes with different weighted with the probability shown in the Fig. ...

Subject, Problems and Objects of Theoretical Astrophysics. ... Stellar Photospheres, Their Features. ... Physics of Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres. ... Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres of Various Spectral Classes. Solar Type Photospheres. ... Characterisics of Absorption Lines. ... Interstellar Absorption Lines, Their Features. ... Physical and Dynamic Features of Interstellar Medium, Which Follows from Observations of Interstellar Absorption Lines. ...

... IS gas + dust = cosmic abundance [X/H]g + [X/H]d = [X/H]cosmic 5 elements: C, O, Mg, Si, Fe Gas: absorption lines Dust : IS extinction curves Abundances : Reference, cosmic, interstellar , solar COSMIC Sun 06.08.2008 , 12-30 ISM-SAO 5 Interstellar dust grains consist of five the most «important» elements: C, O ­ primary Units: Mg, Si, Fe ­ major ... ApJ 641, 327, 2006 (STIS) + Fitting () 06.08.2008, 12-30 ISM-SAO 62 c2 c3 c4 06.08.2008, 12-30 ISM-SAO 63 06.08.2008, 12-30 ISM-SAO 64 ...

For calculating model spectra of early-type helium stars in LTE, we maintain a database of atomic data for, mostly, blue-visual absorption lines of light elements. The data is sorted with one file for each ion. ... III = ++ . ... It will work on both complete linelists (including the atomic data at the start and references at the end) or raw ion files (such as Ni2.d). ... A Fortran utility to convert linelists downloaded from the Vienna Atomic Line Database into the new QUB format. synspec_qub . ...

Next: Background Definition Up: Echelle Spectra Previous: Order Definition . ... Their removal is a rather delicate step, because in high-contrast images (such as well-exposed echelle spectra) there is always a danger of damaging the scientific contents of the frame. Particle hits can be removed from scientific exposures by splitting the exposure and comparing spectra of the same target obtained under the same instrumental configuration. ... Note that the background has been subtracted already. ...

... DEPENDENCE OF ORDINARY WAVE ANOMALOUS ABSORPTION ON THE SOUNDING PROBLEM PARAMETERS . ... Transformation of electromagnetic wave into plasma waves plays an important role in different processes taking place in ionospheric plasma. ... According to modern point of view transformation of ordinary wave into plasma waves plays an important role in small-scale random irregularities generation when ionospheric plasma is heated by power radio wave [1,2]. ... Anomalous attenuation. ...

Chair of solid state physics . ... One-particle Green’s function (Non interacting fermions) . Verbal definition of retarded one-particle Green’s function. ... One-particle Green’s function (Interacting fermions) . Formal definition of one-particle Green’s function. ... Quasi particles in Hartree-Fock approximation. ... Quasi particles and one-particle Green’s function. ... Vertex function and scattering of quasi particles. ... Matsubara Green’s function foe free particles. ...

... Particle Sizes in Saturns Rings . ... Credit: RSS , JPL , ESA , NASA Explanation: What size particles compose Saturn's rings? To help find out, the robot Cassini spacecraft now orbiting Saturn broadcast radio waves of three different wavelengths right through the rings to Earth earlier this month. The experiment was sensitive to ring particle sizes because ring particles much larger than a broadcast radio wavelength will reflect those radio waves away. ... NASA Official: Jay Norris. ...

NATIONAL ASTRONOMY AND IONOSPHERE CENTER . ... Astronomy . ... Visitor Center . ... Kick-Off Ceremony of the Arecibo Observatory 50th Anniversary . ... Visit to AO of Hon. ... A group of Nuclear and Particle Physicists that are in Puerto Rico participating in their Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics visited the Arecibo Observatory on April 12, 2012. ...

Next: Error Determination Up: *qpspec* - Extraction of Previous: Spectral Extraction of Extended . Charged particles can be removed from the source and background spectra using the master veto (MV) rate. ... For example, if MV rate = 100, the following command will remove the charged particles in the background and source spectra before determining the net spectrum. xs > qpspec vign_corr=yes avg_mvr=100 . ...

Bigbang Forum Message . ... Vacuum Energy Mediated By Supersymmetry . ... Since the existence of supersymmetry partner virtual particles seemingly solves the heirarchy problem, it follows that it must also solve the . vacuum energy problem. ... The Casmir force between two plates in vacuum is in a sense a measure of vacuum energy, and calculations using only non-symmetric virtual particles agree with experiment. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | Advertise on Astronomy Net | ...

... Particle Sizes in Saturn's Rings . ... Explanation: What size particles compose Saturn's rings? ... The experiment was sensitive to ring particle sizes because ring particles much larger than a broadcast radio wavelength will reflect those radio waves away. ... The white center of Saturn's B-ring indicates that the density of ring particles was too high to make a good determination. Other radio observations indicate that some ring particles can be as large as several meters across. ...

... Mishchenko M.I., Dlugach Zh.M., Zakharova N.T. Direct demonstration of the concept of unrestricted effective-medium approximation. ... Dlugach J.M., Mishchenko M.I. Effects of nonsphericity on the behavior of Lorenz-Mie resonances in scattering characteristics of liquid-cloud droplets. ... Mishchenko M.I., Dlugach J.M., Yanovitskij E.G. Multiple light scattering by polydispersions of randomly distributed, perfectly-aligned, infinite Mie cylinders illuminated perpendicularly to their axes. ...