... Spectrosc., 90 , 574-579. [ abstract (in English; ASCII file); paper (in Russian; PS file)] . ... Astronomy Letters, 26 , N 10, 679-690. [ abstract (ASCII file); paper (PDF file)] . ... 2001) . ... 72 , N 5, 607-612. [ abstract (ASCII file); paper (PS file)] . ... Scattering and polarization properties of the non-spherical particles. in: Smith W.L., Timofeyev Y.M. (eds.) IRS 2000: Current Problems in Atmospheric Radiation, A.Deepak Publ. (in press) [ abstract (ASCII file); paper (PS file)] . ...

... COMPUTER SIMULATION OF RADIOWAVE MULTIPLE SCATTERING EFFECTS IN IONOSPHERE USING MONTE-CARLO METHOD . ... Distribution of reflected radiation on the ground is computed. ... Such influence can be remarkable if the scattering is multiple, i.e. the optical thickness for the scattering process is considerably greater than a unit. ... Radiation energy transfer in the slab is modeled by distribution of some particles carring small portions of radiation energy. ... The isotropic plasma approximation is...

We studied the radiative transfer in a spherical, two-phase clumpy medium, in which coherent, nonconservative scattering is the dominant opacity source and where the source of photons is situated at the center. ... We examined in detail the cloud mass spectrum, the distribution of optical depths, and the apparent fractal nature of the projected cloud structures. ... The expected reddening is substantially reduced for clumpy media. ...

Next: Standard orientation Up: Preprocessing Previous: Bias correction . In a similar manner, long dark exposures of the same exposure time can be averaged to produce the DARK frames. ... Use the command COMPUTE/IMAGE to multiply the images by the exposure time and to add back the value for FLAT_BKG . ... Often, BIAS and DARK contain no large - scale structure. ... The commands AVERAGE/IMAGE and AVERAGE/WEIGHT offer number of options to compare the images and filter particle hits. ...

... Files in red?history) . ... Trapped Motion . ... 10a. Particle Drift . ... Fast Particles . ... The fact charged particles circle around field lines was well known to J.J. Thomson when he experimented with electron and ion beams in a magnetic field. ... The notion of adiabatic invariance is tied with the early years of quantum theory. ... By about1910, physicists realized that these patterns indicated changes in the laws of physics as one approached atomic dimensions. ...

... Magnetic Storms . ... Cosmic Rays . ... Energetic Particles . ... Solar fast Particles . We cannot observe the way the distant universe accelerates cosmic rays or produces energetic photons, but acceleration processes also occur on our Sun , though on a much more moderate scale. ... That is why such events are often missed by cosmic ray detectors near the equator, where the lowest energies are excluded by the Earth's magnetic field. ... Should we be concerned about solar energetic radiation? ...

... The polarimetry group at the Arcetri Observatory has been working for several years, mainly from the theoretical-interpretative side, on the polarization of the radiation emitted by objects of astrophysical interest. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The physics of polarization" in "Astrophysical Spectropolarimetry", J. Trujillo Bueno, F. Moreno Insertis, F. Sanchez (eds.), Cambridge University Press, 1. ... E. Landi Degl'Innocenti "The Zeeman effect: applications to solar physics" Astron. ...

NATIONAL ASTRONOMY AND IONOSPHERE CENTER . ... Astronomy . ... Visitor Center . ... Kick-Off Ceremony of the Arecibo Observatory 50th Anniversary . ... Visit to AO of Hon. ... A group of Nuclear and Particle Physicists that are in Puerto Rico participating in their Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics visited the Arecibo Observatory on April 12, 2012. ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . Forums: . ... Firtual Particles Are Not Only Particle Pairs . ... Posted by Richard Ruquist on October 19, 2004 12:03:20 UTC . ... Vacuum production of virtual particle pairs cannot violate the uncertainty principle. ... This theory is dual to the particle theory of gravitons. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

It is now possible to specify multiple log files, each with a fully customizable format. ... Multiple log files are implemented as part of the mod_log_config module which as of Apache 1.2 is the default log module. Multiple log files be created with either the TransferLog or CustomLog directive. These directives can be repeated to create more than one log file (in previous releases, only one logfile could be given per server configuration). ... Syntax: CustomLog filename "format" . ...

. Next: Synchrotron radiation Up: Radiation processes and geometry Previous: Polar cap and Outer . љ . Charged particles spiralling around field lines . Larmor Freq. MHz G . Strongly velocity dependent . љ љ . Figure 62: . Jon Bell . Thu Dec 19 15:15:11 GMT 1996