Astronomy Picture of the Day . ... 6.02.2010 . ... Their two luminous trails are faintly paralleled by trails of background stars. But easier to pick out are the short, bright airplane trails converging toward the horizon and the Hong Kong International Airport that seem to offer a frenzied imitation of the celestial tracks . ... February 2010 . ... NASA Web Site Statements, Warnings, and Disclaimers . ... Publications with keywords: night sky . Publications with words: night sky . ...

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• Journal "Peremennye Zvezdy"
• APOD: 2008 January 2- A Galaxy is not a Comet
• Астронет > APOD: 2008 January 2- A Galaxy is not a Comet

Next: Combining Bias Frames Up: Preparing Your Calibration Previous: Input and Output . Except for summing the frames together, combining frames may require correcting for variations between the frames due to differing exposure times, sky background, extinctions, and positions. ... The input frames are combined by applying a sigma clipping algorithm at each pixel. ... The input frames are combined with a variant of the sigma clipping algorithm which works well with only a few frames. ...

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• Combining Images
• Calibration Frames and Naming Convention
• List of Figures

... 2008 January 2 . A Galaxy is not a Comet . ... Explanation: This gorgeous galaxy and comet portrait was recorded on December 30th, in the skies over Hoogeveen, The Netherlands. The combined series of 60 x 60 second exposures finds the lovely green coma of Comet 8P/Tuttle near its predicted conjunction with the Triangulum Galaxy . Aligning each exposure with the stars shows the comet as a streak, slowly moving against the background stars and galaxy. ... About APOD | ...

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• APOD: 2000 December 30 - A Year of Resolving Backgrounds
• APOD: 2010 February 6 - Hong Kong Sky
• APOD: 2006 September 15 - 11 Hour Star Trails

XMM-Newton Science Analysis System Page: 1 rgscombine June 28, 2006 Abstract Combines a list of spectrum les to create one combined spectrum le, and the corresponding list of response matrices and background spectrum, to create one nal response matrix and background spectrum le, for a paticular RGS instrument and spectral order. ... A list of response matrix les, as produced by rgsrmfgen or rgsproc. A list of background spectrum les as produced by rgsspectrum or rgsproc for TOTAL spectra. ...

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• http://xmm.vilspa.esa.es/sas/6.5.0/doc/rgscombine.ps.gz
• http://xmm.vilspa.esa.es/sas/7.1.0/doc/rgscombine.ps.gz
• Background Files

... They include: 4 dither patterns, 4 chop patterns, and 3 dither-chop patterns. For each of these, the observer will be able to specify, during the Phase II Proposal submission, the total number of positions desired (2 to 40), the dither size (0 to 40 arcsecs), the chop size (0 to 1800 arcsecs), and the orientation of the pattern on the sky. ... In addition, the figure number where the pattern is graphically shown is given in column 5 of Table 10.1 . ... Figure 10.3 . ... 0.0 - 1800.0 . ...

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• Near Infrared Camera and Multi-Object Spectrometer Instrument Handbook for
• Thermal/Sky Backgrounds GPI Data Pipeline 1.0 documentation
• Dark Backgrounds

... ESO is building what will be the World's largest optical telescope array, The Very Large Telescope (VLT). The VLT Project organisation is responsible for the design and construction of the Unit Telescopes, including enclosures, optics, adapter-rotators and coating unit. ... Unit Telescopes Overview - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ... Secondary mirror (M2 Unit) - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ... Coating Unit - This page is outdated, an update is in process. ...

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... This paper describes the main algorithms used by the Einstein Level One processing to create the exposure masks and the background maps for Einstein IPC images, and how these algorithms were recreated in the IRAF environment. Our goal was to recreate the algorithms used by the Level One Processing to create exposure masks and background maps for Einstein Image Proportional Counter (IPC) data (cf. sections 2.5 and 2.7 of Harnden et al. ...

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• NICMOS Calibration Pipeline: Processing Associations of Exposures
• Towards Optimal Analysis of HST Crowded Stellar Fields

Next: *imcalc* - Obtain a Up: Calibration Previous: Exposure Map . Background maps are provided by the standard processing for all ROSAT and Einstein instruments. For the PSPC and IPC these are in three standard bands: soft, hard, and broad (Table 6.2). ... N.B.: ROSAT PSPC background maps in SASS 5-6 or higher are generated by smoothing a source-subtracted, exposure corrected image (see the ROSAT Data Products Guide). ... imcalc* - Obtain a background subtracted image for ROSAT PSPC Data . ...

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• X--ray Quiet PMS Candidates
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• Filtering ROSAT HRI data on the basis of background level

Next: The STScI NICMOS Calibration Up: No Title Previous: CONICA: The high resolution . The STScI NICMOS Calibration Pipeline . Introduction . ... Dark Current Subtraction . ... Input Data . ... Scalar Background Subtraction . 2-D Background Subtraction . ... Status and Goals of the NICMOS Calibration Plan . ... Photometry . ... Photometric Performance of NICMOS . ... NICMOS Photometry. ... ST-ECF Grism Spectrum Software for NICMOS Grism Data . ... Analysis . ... STScI NICMOS Software . ...

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• ASNCOMBINE (Nov98) --- nictools --- ASNCOMBINE (Nov98)
• The STScI NICMOS Calibration Pipeline
• The Formation and Evolution of LMC Rich Star Clusters: NGC 1818

... The sband transmitter measures reflected power using directional couplers at: . ... waveguide along rotary floor out to turnstile, horn . ... horn . ... Any water in this piece of waveguide would flow away from the antenna reflected power coupler that is next to the horn . ... We can see a changed in the reflected power as we go from high to low za (if water in the waveguide) using the network analyzer. the null at 25 feet is probably the distance from the turnstile to just beyond the rotary coupler...

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• Thesis Figures
• Disclaimer National Astronomy and Ionosphere Center (Arecibo Observatory)

Next: Extragalactic Gravitational Wave Background Previous: Transparency of the Stochastic . Let the sky be observed with a detector having a pencil beam diagram across. The number of stars per frequency decade that is swept by the detector is a function of celestial coordinates (say, galactic coordinates l , b ): . ... It is clear from the figure that for an all-sky detector the Galaxy becomes transparent above the frequency ?Hz. ...

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• Extragalactic Gravitational Wave Background
• Transparency of the Stochastic Background
• Gravitational wave background from nearby galaxies

OptInt PmWiki : Pm Wiki / Wiki Style Examples . Wiki styles | ... PmWiki uses WikiStyles for styling text with color and other attributes. PmWiki 2.0 introduced the ability to control the styling further and to even place styles on blocks. ... In addition, an author can define a style "shortcut" by using the define= property. For example, to define a style of %red% , one can use: . define=mystyle color=red% Here is some %mystyle% red text created using a style shortcut. ...

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• OptInt PmWiki : Wiki Style Examples
• Astrophysics Group Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB)
• PPEUC Programme - Cosmic Microwave Background Workshop

... PmWiki . Summary: PmWiki group header. ... Summary: Styling text for colour and other attributes:) See also Wiki Styles Plus and Wiki style colors . ... PmWiki 2.0 introduced the ability to control the styling further and to even place styles on blocks. ... This text is %color=red% red, %color=blue% blue, %% and normal (black). ... For example, to define a style of %red% , one can use: . define=mystyle color=red% Here is some %mystyle% red text created using a style shortcut. ... Group . ...

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• Background Material for the Phase Correction Project
• VLBI Wiki | PmWiki / WikiStyleExamples
• Historical Background

... Colors of Sunlight . S-4A.Color Expts. ... Here is your opportunity to demonstrate the three-color theory by using your computer. I am indebted for this to Joe Burns , on whose color demonstration file it is based. ... You see below two tables with colored fields. ... blue . ... D0FBFF gives the intensity of the three colors which make up the background: D0 is the intensity of red , FB is the intensity of green and the second FF is the intensity of blue , the maximum blue you can get. ...

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Just beyond the main asteroid belt there exists a population of small objects orbiting the Sun at the same heliocentric distance of Jupiter. The combined action of Jovian and Solar gravity creates a stable dynamical haven for these objects near the so-called Lagrangian equilibrium points, in honour to the French mathematician Joseph Louis Lagrange who first demonstrated their existence and stability. ... Soon after its discovery it was realized that this asteroid is, in fact, a Mars Trojan. ...

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• Mutual Events of the Uranian Satellites
• HISTORICAL BACKGROUND
• Historical Background

Disastrous earthquakes happen 100 to 200 times a year. ... There is a chance that the data of ionospheric plasma observations hold an answer to the latter question. Satellites and ground-based facilities may detect earthquake precursors in the ionosphere a few hours or days before the main shock. ... ULF "Hz"-oscillations have been recorded several hours before the main shock in a narrow magnetic field tube (40...100 km along the satellite trajectory) conjugated with epicenter of the earthquake. ...

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T he Siding Spring Survey (SSS) is a Near-Earth Object search program that utilises the 0.5-m Uppsala Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, N.S.W., Australia. ... The mission of the Siding Spring Survey is to contribute to the inventory of near-earth objects (NEOs), or more specifically, the potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) and comets (PHOs) that may pose a threat of impact and thus harm to civilization. ... Based on the CSS Mission page . ... Siding Spring Survey Main Page . ...

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• Some Black Holes are Pink
• The repainted Farnham dome with the AITC in the background
• Untitled Document

. This montage combines data from ALMA with images from the NASA/ESA Hubble Space Telescope, for five distant galaxies. The ALMA images, represented in red, show the distant background galaxies being distorted by the gravitational lens effect produced by the galaxies in the foreground, depicted in the Hubble data in blue. The background galaxies appear warped into rings of light known as Einstein rings, which encircle the foreground galaxies. // ALMA (ESO/NRAO/NAOJ)/J. Vieira et al.

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• http://www.astronomy.com/sitefiles/resources/image.aspx?item=%7BC57F9F71-32AB-4547-916E-B1FBB86178C7%7D
• cosmic microwave background | Astronomy.com
• When a gravitational lens magnifies a background galaxy, why don't we see the

Galaxies are diffuse objects which are imaged against a background of finite brightness and noise. Galaxies which have the maximum contrast with respect to this background are the ones that are first discovered. ... These galaxies have been missed to date but active surveys for them are underway. ... In this page we present several examples of these newly discovered Low Surface Brightness galaxies as well as examples of high surface brightness galaxies. ...

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• The Creation of Helium
• Foundations of the Big Bang

To run a process in the background as a job and carry on working add an (ampersand) at the end of the command line. ... The shell forks a child process to run the command and displays the job number ( [ n ] ) and the PID (Process IDentifier) number. ... If the command is likely to produce error messages you will need to redirect standard error. ... Do not run an interactive command that requires you to type something at the terminal as a background job. ... You will then have to kill its process . ...

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• Placing a foreground process in the background
• Managing background jobs
• Suspending commands with the sleep command