... A typical density of energetic ions is 1 per cubic cm., and the ions are matched by electrons, generally of lower energy. ... This region is almost empty of plasma--typical density 0.01 ion/cubic cm., the "best vacuum" in the Earth's vicinity--but it contains a relatively strong magnetic field which, since it fills a large volume, can store appreciable magnetic energy, Many believe that this is the storehouse from which substorms draw their energy, releasing it quite rapidly. ...

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• Solar Energetic Particles
• Sun [Oulu]
• Isotropic boundary (Oulu)

... Magnetic Storms . ... Cosmic Rays . ... Energetic Particles . ... Solar fast Particles . We cannot observe the way the distant universe accelerates cosmic rays or produces energetic photons, but acceleration processes also occur on our Sun , though on a much more moderate scale. ... That is why such events are often missed by cosmic ray detectors near the equator, where the lowest energies are excluded by the Earth's magnetic field. ... Should we be concerned about solar energetic radiation? ...

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• The Earth's Magnetosphere
• Energetic Particles
• The Sun

... The upper panel shows a close-up of a region away from the stripes, where the black lines show tangled magnetic field lines and the red line shows an electron spiraling around one of these lines. Electrons with energies of a trillion electron volts (10^12 eV), corresponding to energies about 7 times lower than the maximum energy reached by the Large Hadron Collider (LHC), are responsible for the X-ray emission seen by Chandra. The middle panel shows a close-up of a faint stripe. ...

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• How can six Trojan asteroids reside in Neptune's L4 region without colliding? |
• An anarchic region of star formation captured | Astronomy.com
• Chandra finds cosmic ray clues | Astronomy.com

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

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... About ATNF overview . ... Australia Telescope Steering Committee . ... LMC H II Region Luminosities versus . Observed Ionizing Stars . ... These values are compared to the observed H II region luminosities, yielding an estimate for the mean fraction of H-ionizing photons that escape the local nebulae in this sample. We formally estimate that, overall, 0-51% of the ionizing radiation escapes the local H II regions and is available to ionize the warm, ionized medium in the LMC. ...

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• A Blind HI Survey in the Great Attractor Region.
• A Kinematical Study of Old HII Regions and Optical Counterpart to the DRAO
• DENSITY BOUNDING OF GIANT H II REGIONS AND THE IONIZATION OF THE DIFFUSE

... The concerns here are similar to those for observing bright targets; saturation and blooming of the bright companion PSF must not impact the faint target. Also, one may need to consider subtracting the PSF of the bright object, and effects which limit the accuracy of that subtraction. If the bright companion will saturate and bloom, it will be necessary to rotate the CCD so that blooming along the CCD columns does not obliterate the faint target. ...

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• Imaging of the Supernova Remnant Cassiopeia A with the Multiband Imaging
• Dust in the bright supernova remnant N49 in the LMC
• Infrared Imaging of the Large Magellanic Cloud Star-forming Region Henize 206

Proposal Identification No.: ... By combining the Arecib o A1731 observations (mostly, but not completely done in 2003 at 430MHz) with deep (2003) DRAO sysnthesis images at 408 MHz, we have obtained tentative detections of such emission. ... Regular Astronomy Extragalactic 9 Hours Completion of 430MHz observations of diffuse continuum emission in the Coma Supercluster (following proposal a1731, and omitting 330 MHz). ... Part of the observing run. ...

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• http://www.naic.edu/~gibson/galfa/igalfa/docs/galfacts_commensal_prop2.pdf
• Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey (AGES)
• AGES - the Arecibo Galaxy Environment Survey

True Color Image Gallery: Galactic SNR | Magellanic Cloud SNR . ... Chandra Proposer's Guide pile up section ] During frame readout, the ACIS CCDs take 40 microsec to (parallel) transfer the charge by one pixel. As a result of this, each frame readout, each pixel is exposed for 40 microsec to a source (plus cosmic X-ray background) at each location along its column. ... Note also that the image does not just trail, it extends along the whole column. ... Chandra Supernova Remnant Catalog . ...

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• Chandra Supernova Remnants Catalog - Format of the Catalog
• Chandra Images for G189.1+03.0C
• Chandra Images for SNR J0509.5-6731

... Science Users Information > Science Activities > PhD Thesis Topics offered by ESO Faculty Members > Thesis Topic: Planetary Nebulae and HII regions in the Elliptical Galaxy NGC 5128 . ... NGC 5128 is the closest example of a giant early type (elliptical or S0) galaxy. Although often dubbed as a peculiar elliptical galaxy since it has a dust lane with recent star formation and an active galactic nucleus, the majority of early type galaxies have similar structures as revealed by recent surveys. ...

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• AdelePlunkettAstro
• ESO - Thesis Topic: Probing the central regions of galaxies
• ESO - Targets of Public Surveys

... Radiance image in Si iv 1402.8 (top-left, in reversed color table), Doppler velocity image (bottom-left), nonthermal velocity image (bottom-right) and HMI magnetogram (top-right) of region "A". ... The yellow box on the Doppler image outlines the region where anti-parallel flows are seen. ... A cluster of such loops was observed on the solar disk in active region NOAA11934, in the Si iv 1402.8 spectral raster and 1400 slit-jaw (SJ) images. ...

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• Solar Active Region 10999 by Deirdre Kelleghan | International Year of
• Explosive Events

... Sun images . ... Sun flares . ... Active areas . September : 2009 . ... No sunspots and sunspot groups can be currently observed on the Sun's surface . The following H-alpha plages without spots can be currently observed on the Sun's surface . ... Coordinates . ... Coordinates and other characteristics of active regions are issued for September 09, 2009 00:31 UT . Last updated: September 10, 2009 00:00 UT . ... 7(499)132-65-96, Fax: +7(499)132-65-97 . ...

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• Sunspots and active regions January 15, 2009
• Sunspots and active regions January 14, 2006
• Sunspots and active regions January 14, 2008

... The TRACE images may be used without restrictions in publications of any kind. ... These two images, taken on 18 November 2000 at 15:54UT and 16:11UT, respectively, show such an event: the red circle in the image to the left shows a region where many loops are cooling, with bright loop tops (the intensity scales with the square root of the image to reduce the dynamic range). ... See also a collection of images related to the Sun, other cool stars, and solar-terrestrial effects . ... Images | ...

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• LaPalma Images 1999
• TRACE_IMAGES
• K-band Arcetri Obscured Supernova Search - SNe Intro

... Galactic Plane survey Science: thermal/non-thermal separation, local features, supernova remnants, optically thick HII regions HBA and LBA, intrastation baselines Commensal observing: Surveys KSP 2. Polarization/Magnetism Survey Science: magnetic fields in Galactic halo, in local features, cosmic ray distribution HBA only, intrastation baselines Commensal observing: MKSP Nearby Galaxies WG 3. ... Polarization Survey Fan region FoV of 150 MHz beam Commissioning 1. ...

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• http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/~kjbg1/lectures/lect7.pdf
• http://www.mrao.cam.ac.uk/projects/skads/lofar/talks/magnetic.pdf
• Supernova Remnant (SNR) Catalogue or Catalog of Galactic SNRs

. Statistics of sunspot activity . The sunspot indices . My observations . NGDC's observations . The solar regions . Links . About authors . Russian pages . The solar regions . NOAA 11300's . NOAA 11200's . NOAA 11100's . NOAA 11000's . NOAA 10900's . NOAA 10800's . NOAA 10700's . NOAA 10600's . NOAA 10500's . NOAA 10400's . NOAA 10300's . NOAA 10200's . NOAA 10100's . NOAA 10000's . NOAA 09900's . NOAA 09800's . NOAA 09700's . NOAA 09600's . NOAA 09500's . NOAA 09400's . NOAA 09300's .

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• The Sunspot Observer - Visual indices of solar activity
• The Sunspot Observer - About authors
• The Sunspot Observer

... 227Wink This paper containes an investigation of 91 sources which appear to be point sources when observed with the angular resolution of the 100-m telescope at 4.9 GHz, teta_a = 2.6', and which we expected to be HII regions. The basic search list was prepared from the 4.9 GHz survey of the galactic plane by Altenhoff et al. ... In the present paper we list 4.9 GHz flux densities only for sources for sources for which we present new observations. ... source structure indicated . ...

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• HII regions H109-line catalog
• The use of IRAS data to define H II regions
• The RATAN SNRs Survey

... SN 1006: Pieces of the Cosmic Ray Puzzle . ... Credit: E. Gotthelf ( Columbia University ), ASCA Project, NASA Explanation: Research balloon flights conducted in 1912 by Austrian physicist Victor Hess revealed that the Earth was constantly bombarded by high energy radiation from space - which came to be called "Cosmic Rays" . ... If (as expected) high energy protons are associated with these energetic electrons then supernova remnants like SN 1006 are sources of Hess' puzzling Cosmic Rays . ...

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• XWare > APOD

Solar Flare Origin - critical analysis" Lev Pusti'lnik We analyze current approach to solar flare origin in 3 aspects: a. Pre-flare equilibrium state of current-magnetic structure above active region and its evolution to flare state, b. Possible reasons of stability loss with transition of system in flare state c. Flare energy release in turbulent current sheet and particle acceleration in this system. ...

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• Results scientific researchs 8
• Fabry-Perot Interferometer: Gallery Old
• Results scientific researchs LRS

... We can investigate projection of this distribution onto the celestial sphere in two ways: in terms of lines of constant SN frequencies per one square degree for all galaxies from the sample (Figure 36 ), and in terms of constant GW amplitudes at a given SN frequency per square degree (Figure 44 ). ... Figure 45: The sky distribution of the total supernova frequency from nearby galaxies in terms of lines of equal frequencies per square degree. ...

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• Космические лучи и климат
• Supernova Explosions
• #tex2html_wrap_inline12527#-#tex2html_wrap_inline12529# for Supernova...

XMM-Newton Science Analysis System Page: 1 backcorr August 16, 2005 Abstract backcorr makes a background spectrum appropriate to the accumulation region used for a given source spectrum. The task calls arfgen twice; once for the source region and once for the background region. ... EPIC backcorr corrected background spectrum [1] 8 Algorithm subroutine backcorr Arfgen computes the effective area curves for both the source (arf_in_src.arf) and background (arf_in_bkg.arf) regions. ...

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• http://xmm.vilspa.esa.es/sas/6.1.0/doc/backcorr.ps.gz
• http://xmm.vilspa.esa.es/sas/6.0.0/doc/backcorr.ps.gz
• http://xmm.vilspa.esa.es/sas/5.4.1/doc/backcorr.ps.gz

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in HII regions: correlation with metallicity . ... We have perfomed the aperture photometry of HII regions using infrared images from telescopes Spitzer and Herschel at passbands 3.6, 4.5, 5.8, 8.0, 24, 70 and 160 m. Emission of PAHs are observed at passbands 3.6 - 8.0 m, 24 m is emission likely of hot small particles and finally large particles are responsible for emission at 70 and 160 m. We determine abundances of PAHs using model of Draine Li (2007) . ...

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