... Credit: NASA , JPL , Space Sciences Institute Explanation: What's causing unusual jagged shadows on Saturn's rings? ... As a result, Saturn's moons now commonly ca s t long shadows onto the rings . ... Now Saturn's rings have been known to be made of particles for hundreds of years , but these particles have so far escaped direct imaging. ... Publications with keywords: Saturn - Saturn rings . ... Moons Beyond the Rings of Saturn . ... Regulus and the Red Planet . Moons and Rings Before Saturn . ...

... SUN MOON MERCURY VENUS MARS, JUPITER SATURN . ... Moon . ... Saturn . ... Cassini captures ocean-like spray at Saturn moon . ... The data came from the spacecraftт??s direct analysis of salt-rich ice grains close to the jets ejected from the moon. ... The Cassini mission discovered Enceladusт?? water vapor and ice jets in 2005. ... Dramatic plumes, both large and small, spray water ice out from many locations along the famed "tiger stripes" near the south pole of Saturn's moon Enceladus. ...

GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (including main scientific results): . ...

Astronotes Armagh Planetarium's Stellar Blog! ... This image combines orbital imagery with 3-D modelling to show flows that appear in spring and summer on a slope inside Mars' Newton crater. ... Warm season flows on a slope in Newton Crater, possible evidence of salty liquid water active on Mars today. Image credit: NASA) . ... Frozen water is common on and under the surface of Mars but these images are the best evidence to date for the presence of liquid water on the Martian surface today. ...

New Images Hint at Wet and Wild History For Europa . Chunky ice rafts and relatively smooth, crater-free patches on the surface of Jupiter's frozen moon Europa suggest a younger, thinner icy surface than previously believed, according to new images from Galileo's spacecraft released today. ... These features, which lend credence to the idea of hidden, subsurface oceans, also are stirring up controversy among scientists who disagree about the age of Europa's surface. ... Europa . ...

... March 17 (UPI) -- Shuttle Columbia was shedding debris long before sensor malfunctions and unusual flight handling characteristics indicated the ship and its seven astronauts were in trouble, a video compiled by NASA and released Monday shows. ... Added NASA flight director Paul Hill, who heads a team that compiled the Columbia re-entry video: "If you go look at (the debris) laying on the ground there (at Kennedy Space Center), you don't have a spacecraft laying there, you got a whole lot of nothing...

Microsymposium 38, MS083, 2003 (A4 format) MERCURY: LOCAL VARIATIONS OF THE PHOTOMETRIC RELIEF. ... Because of trajectory and pointing angle constraints the planet could be observed from Mariner 10 only over a small range of phase angles between about 75o and 110o. Therefore the photometric investigations are restricted to measuring the distribution of brightness on the Mercurian disk. ... Raw versions of real-time processing pictures FDS 0000984 and FDS 0000986 were used (images 196 and 202). ...

... A small yet powerful planning and scheduling toolkit has been built for the Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite ( SWAS ) Small Explorer spacecraft. ... The simple design, minimal resource requirements and easy extensibility of the SWAS planning and scheduling toolkit should make it useful for other space astronomy missions. ... The relatively severe time and manpower constraints for the development of the SWAS Planning and Scheduling toolkit have forced it to remain small and simple. ...

An atom is the smallest "piece" of an element that still has the properties of that element. For example, an atom of gold is the smallest piece of gold that still acts like gold ? ... When many atoms come together, atoms tend to form molecules. A molecule is a combination of two or more atoms bonded together. For example, a molecule of water (designated by the symbol H 2 O) consists of two hydrogen atoms and an oxygen atom which are in a "relationship" ? ...

... GCR and SCR are primary cosmic rays. 10-15 years after the discovery of cosmic radiation (1919) there emerged two main avenues of investigation in the physics of cosmic rays (CR): 1) nuclear - elucidation of the origin of elementary particles and nuclear interactions; and 2) astrophysical (space physics) - solution of the problem related to the origin and variations (changes in intensity) of CR. ... Besides, the CR flux in interplanetary space is, strictly speaking, not isotropic. ...

Next: References Up: The peculiar post-AGB supergiant Previous: Discussion . We conlude that IRAS04296+3429 is a PPN candidate with a chemical composition which coincides with theoretical predictions for the post-AGB objects: very large excess of carbon and nitrogen are revealed. ... Next: References Up: The peculiar post-AGB supergiant Previous: Discussion Klochkova V.G. 12/20/1999 ...

... The first task assumes the searching for chemical composition and sizes of particles which give the wavelength dependence of the extinction efficiencies close to the observed dependence of . Figure 7: Wavelength dependence of the extinction efficiency factors for homogeneous spherical particles of different sizes consisting of astronomical silicate and amorphous carbon. The dashed segment shows the approximate wavelength dependence of the mean galactic extinction curve at optical wavelengths. ...

... Contacts . 2012: . ... We refined the fundamental parameters of the components, the orbital periods, and the conditions of photospheric heating of the secondary component by the ultraviolet radiation of the hot component. ... The observations of the star clusters associated with ultra-luminous x-ray sources (ULXs) in four galaxies on the 6-meter and VLT telescopes have shown that all the ULXs are located within 200pc of very young star clusters (younger than 5 million years). ... Archive . ...

... They are concerned with Attitude Control System of the spacecraft, satellite visibility from tracking stations, limits on the satellite autonomous operations during the orbit, and needs for auxiliary operations with the spacecraft. ... Among the operational constraints the most important one is the number of programmed slews per orbit, which determines the maximum number of radio sources to be observed during one orbit. ... System temperature (K) . ... Progress of the RadioAstron Project in Pictures...

ION AND ELECTRON ENERGY DETECTOR PAN-2 . ... The energy and angular distributions of charged particles can bring further information on the nature and spatial scales of magnetospheres processes. ... It permits the fast measurements of energy and angular parameters of charged particles in the range 40eV-40keV. ... The sensor unit is an electron electrostatic, axially symmetrical, toroidal analyzer. ... The energy range for both types of charged particles must stepped according to the logarithmic scale. ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . Forums: . ... Firtual Particles Are Not Only Particle Pairs . ... Posted by Richard Ruquist on October 19, 2004 12:03:20 UTC . ... Vacuum production of virtual particle pairs cannot violate the uncertainty principle. ... This theory is dual to the particle theory of gravitons. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

Электронная библиотека астронома-любителя. ... библиотека . архив RSN . ... Ru.Space.News: . Июль 1998 . ... Дата: 21 июля 1998 (1998-07-21) От: Alexander Bondugin Тема: Today On Galileo - July 19, 1998 Привет всем! ... TODAY ON GALILEO July 19, 1998 The fifth encounter of the Galileo Europa Mission starts late today, seven months after the start of the spacecraft's mission extension. ... The first in the series was the last encounter of Galileo's primary mission. ...

... Ah ha~ Once I questioned, ?what is systematic error?? (see [Q] systematic error. Thanks to L. Lyons? work discussed in [ArXiv] Particle Physics , I found this paper, titled Systematic Errors describing the concept and statistical inference related to systematic errors in the field of particle physics. ... Tags: coverage , Heinrich , likelihood , Lyons , nuisance parameter , objective priors , p-value , particle physics , statistical error , subjective priors , systematic error . ...

... The observed distributions of stars of different ages and metallisities in the Z coordinate relative to Sun: (a) young ( t 3 Gyr) metall-rich ( [Fe/H] -0.13 ) stars; (b) young metal-poor ( [Fe/H]<-0.13 ) stars; (c) old ( 3 Gyr) metal-rich stars, and (d) old metal-poor stars. ... next figure | previous figure . ...