... Shock is a non-linear plasma wave generated by plasma flow (Burgess, 1995). ... Shocks are thus places where plasma and field go through dramatic changes in density, temperature, field strength, and/or flow speed. If there is no plasma flow through the surface (Un <> 0) or there is no dissipation and compression across it, we talk about discontinuity only, not shock. ... Contact discontinuity . ... Plasma pressure and field strength increase at shock; magnetic field bends away from normal . ...

Processing Data Sets Based on Time History ========================================== Description: Use the time history of an instrument's observing program and calibration state as an additional factor in reprocessing data. ... NICMOS data are subject to persistence, in which detector pixels that collect a large number of counts in one exposure continue to 'glow' with a count rate that decays gradually with time, producing afterimages in subsequent images. ...

In this gallery are many images of Low Surface Brightness Galaxies which have recently been discovered and analyzed. ... The central surface brightness of this galaxy is 24.28 . Malin 2 This galaxy is another huge disk galaxy with a scale length of 15 kpc and a redshift of 15000 km/a. The high surface brightness knot in one of its spiral arms actually has the same color, luminosity and H-alpha equivalent width as the entire Large Magellanic Cloud . ... Truly it is a Low Surface Brightness Galaxy. ...

The CHIANTI database consists of 4 primary ASCII files for each ion in the database. contains the energy levels in cm^(-1) It includes both experimental data and theoretical values of the levels energies. References: %observed energy levels (n=2): Fuhr, J.R., et al., NIST Atomic Spectra Database" ver. ... NIST Physical Reference Data %observed energy levels (12,19,23-26,65-67,69,70,72-74,78-82,84,85): Fuhr, J.R., et al., ...

lsst.tcc љ 1.2.2-3-g89ecb63 . ... Namespaces . ... Files . NamespaceљList . NamespaceљMembers . All љ Classes љ Namespaces љ Files љ Functions љ Variables љ Typedefs љ Enumerations љ Enumerator љ Macros љ Pages . ... process . ... tcc.cmd.process Namespace Reference . ... listљ . all__ = ["process"] . ... def tcc.cmd.process.process . ... Definition at line 16 of file process.py . list tcc.cmd.process.__all__ = ["process"] . ... tcc.cmd.process._ ... dictionary tcc.cmd.process._ ...

Next: Auto quotient Up: ATNF Spectral Analysis Package Previous: Reader object . In the following section, a simple data reduction to form a quotient spectrum of a single source is followed. ... Auto quotient . Separate reference and source observations . Make the quotient spectra . Time average separate scans . ... Auto-baselining . Average the polarisations . ... Frequency Frame Alignment . Malte Marquarding 2005-11-30 ...

... The derivation of the reference multiplet is carried out in one of two basic styles: an `internal' style in which a kind of average multiplet is calculated from the values in the image themselves, without reference to any other information, or a `black body' (bb) style in which the reference multiplet is calculated using the widths of the energy bands (in the case of EPIC images) or the filter bandpasses (in the case of the OM). ...

Download Izmccd (~2.7 MB). ... a) a choice of the best mode of measurements of stars and objects ("Properties/Measurement"), . b) a choice of reference stars. ... 1) necessity of presence on an image of a plenty of stars (we recommend to apply this mode, if on the frame of reference stars is more 100) . ... Sx and Sy depend from residuals at all reference stars (reference stars are marked by blue color). ... These residuals are the image of the star a minus function of a profile for each pixel. ...

... Kashyap, V., Drake, J., Smith, R., & Wargelin, B., 2014, 15 Years of Science with Chandra Symposium, Spectrum Ultimum Capellae: XV Years of Chandra Observations of Capella . ... Kashyap, V.L., Connors, A., Drake, J., Lee, T., Posson-Brown, J., Saar, S., Scargle, J., van Dyk, D., & Wong, R., 2014, AAS/HEAD 14, 119.05 TANAGRA: Timing Analysis of Grating Data . ... Audard, M., G del, M., Drake, J.J., & Kashyap, V.L., 2000, ApJ, 541, 396 . Audard, M., G del, M., & Guinan, E.F., 1999, ApJ, 513, L53 . ...

Next: Generating Calibration Reference Files with an OPUS Pipeline . Up: Data Pipelines and Quality Control . ... Space Telescope Science Institute, Baltimore, MD 21218 . ... The OPUS pipeline data processing software, developed at the Space Telescope Science Institute (STScI), handles this demanding level of throughput by providing a distributed, concurrent pipeline processing environment for the set of applications that transform the raw telescope telemetry into archival products. ...

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... We present the numerical simulations for an electron-beam-driven and loss-cone-driven electron cyclotron maser (ECM) with different plasma parameters and different magnetic field strengths for a relatively small region and short time-scale in an attempt to interpret the recent discovered intense radio emission from ultracool dwarfs. ... A wide frequency band should therefore be covered by future radio observations. ...

home . dfos . ... documentation . ... Editing policy: you can edit this page. ... This is the internal QC home page. ... Data Processing and Quality Control (ppt presentation at Faculty Meeting Garching September 2010) . DFOS: concepts, tools, documentation . ... current document: calSelector user requirements v2.0 . Phoenix: automatic science processing of ESO-VLT data (SPIE 2014, Hanuschik) . ... DFS pipeline page . ... 2007 ESO calibration workshop presentation (ppt) (Amico 2007) . ...

... Information processing in nonlinear systems with dynamic chaos // Доклады Международного семинара "Нелинейные цепи и системы".- ... The idea and the method for using one-dimensional nonlinear dynamic systems for storing and processing information were proposed in [1, 2]. ... The main part of the preprint is Section 4, where the "InformChaos" software pack, accomplishing the above principles of storing and processing visual information, is described in detail. ...

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... dust_AbsXSec . Absorption Cross section. typedef void . ... Calculates the equilibrium temperature given the absorption cross section and a radiation field. double . ... Calculates the absortion cross section of a species/size of dust grain . ... The grain absorption cross section . ... The absorption cross section of the grain . ... Calculates the equilibrium emission at wavelength lambda from a (large) grain at temperature T and with absorption cross section xsection. double dust_EquiT . ...

... PUL VLBI Analysis Center . ... Pulkovo EOP and Reference Systems Analysis Center (PERSAC) is located at the Pulkovo Observatory . ... Processing of VLBI , GPS, and optical observations aimed at analysis of the Earth rotation, station displacement, and celestial reference system. ... Celestial Pole Offset (CPO) and Free Core Nutation (FCN) . Four daily updated CPO and FCN series (models) are provided. ... File fcn1.dat contains the ZM1 FCN model with variable amplitude and phase. ...

... HTTP . HTTP: A Protocol for Networked Information. This document is available at http://www.w3.org/WWW/Protocols/HTTP/HTTP2.html . ... SGML . ... The source is available at ftp.ifi.uio.no/pub/SGML/SGMLS . ... Available by anonymous FTP as Postscript ( info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/url.ps ) or text ( info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc/url.txt ) . ... The World-Wide Web , a global information initiative. For bootstrap information, telnet info.cern.ch or find documents by ftp://info.cern.ch/pub/www/doc . ...

... Magnetic Storms . ... Cosmic Rays . ... Energetic Particles . ... Solar fast Particles . We cannot observe the way the distant universe accelerates cosmic rays or produces energetic photons, but acceleration processes also occur on our Sun , though on a much more moderate scale. ... That is why such events are often missed by cosmic ray detectors near the equator, where the lowest energies are excluded by the Earth's magnetic field. ... Should we be concerned about solar energetic radiation? ...

Stellarium 0.12.3 . ... Classes . ... StelSphericalIndexMultiRes Class Reference . ... voidљ . ... Insert the given object in the StelSphericalIndexMultiRes . ... template<class FuncObject > . ... processIntersectingRegions (const SphericalRegionP &region, FuncObject &func) const . ... processAll (FuncObject &func) const . ... processBoundingCapIntersectingRegions (const SphericalCap &cap, FuncObject &func) const . ... processContainedRegions (const SphericalRegionP &region, FuncObject &func) const . ...

... Van Altena, W.F., Auer, L.H.: 1975, in Image Processing Techniques in Astronomy , Eds. C. de Jager and H. Nieuwenhuyzen, Reidel: Dordrecht, p. 411 . ... Butcher, H.: 1977 Astrophys. ... Herzog, A.D., Illingworth, G.: 1977, Astrophys. ... Chiu, L.-T.G.: 1977, Astron. ... Auer L.H., Van Altena, W.F.: 1978, Astron. ... Buonanno R., et al.: 1979, in International Workshop on Image Processing in Astronomy , Eds. G. Sedmak, M. Capaccioli, R.J. Allen, Trieste, p. 354 . ... Stetson, P.B.: 1979, Astron. ...