... It is difficult to hide a galaxy behind a cluster of galaxies. The closer cluster's gravity will act like a huge lens, pulling images of the distant galaxy around the sides and greatly distorting them. ... Orion's Horsehead Nebula . ... The bright star near the center is located in the belt of the familiar constellation of Orion. ... ESO202-G23: Merging Galaxies . ... The Year of Distant Supernovae . ... Supernova 1994D and the Unexpected Universe . ... NEAR to Asteroid Eros . ...

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... 2007 July 10 . NGC 4449: Close-Up of a Small Galaxy . Credit: NASA , ESA , A. Aloisi ( STScI / ESA ), Hubble Heritage ( STScI / AURA ) - ESA /Hubble Collaboration . Explanation: Grand spiral galaxies often seem to get all the glory. ... But small irregular galaxies form stars too, like NGC 4449 , located about 12 million light-years away. ... NGC 4449 is a member of a group of galaxies found in the constellation Canes Venatici. ... About APOD | ... A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC . ...

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• APOD: 2011 February 25 - NGC 4449: Close up of a Small Galaxy
• APOD: 2007 May 3 - Small Galaxy NGC 4449
• APOD: 2011 July 3 - Alpha Centauri: The Closest Star System

... When the Voyager 2 spacecraft flew by the planet Uranus in January 1986, astronomers were treated to their first close-up glimpse of the satellites that orbit the seventh planet. ... But by far the most intriguing of those 15 satellites was a jigsaw-puzzle world called Miranda . ... How dark was it at Miranda? One of the Voyager scientists put it this way: Taking pictures in the Uranus system is like trying to do photography in a ballpark at night when the only light comes from a single candle. ...

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• ASP: Black Holes
• ASP: A Good Definition of the Word "Planet": Mission Impossible?
• ASP: Beacons in the Gloom

... Planets . ... Earth Satellites . ... The newly discovered ?mega-Earth? ... Its sibling, the lava world Kepler-10b, is in the background (the two planets? proximity is grossly exaggerated) .?а Kepler-10c has a diameter of about 29 000 km, 2.3 times as large as Earth, and weighs 17 times as much. ... The first mega-earth to be discovered is Kepler-10c which orbits a star lying about 560 light years from the Sun in the constellation Draco. ... Astronomers Find a New Type of Planet: The ?Mega-Earth? ...

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• Getting back up to speed | Astronotes
• Rosetta: ESA's Comet Explorer | Astronotes
• COROT-7b: Exoplanet with a sky made of stone | Astronotes

... higher temperatures -- faster motion -- higher energy particles -- break into nucleus . ... Spectral type depends on the stellar mass: high mass stars are profiligate with their fuel supply, and have brief, but spectacular, careers; M dwarfs live forever. Stellar lifetimes range from several million years for stars with 100 solar masses . ... These `failed stars' are known as 'brown dwarfs'. ... a brown dwarf of 0.01 M(sun) (10 Jupiter masses) takes only 10 7 years to reach the same limit. ...

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• Local astronomers find gigantic halo around neighboring galaxy - By MEGHA
• The Incidence of Highly Obscured Star-forming Regions in SINGS Galaxies
• Spitzer Analysis of H II Region Complexes in the Magellanic Clouds: Determining

... More on 51 Peg: . The discovery of a Jupiter--mass planet in orbit around the solar--type star 51Peg has been reported by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz (Geneva Observatory) on October 6th at the 9th Cambridge workshop on "cool stars, stellar systems, and the sun" held at Florence (Italy). ... Recall that the measurements of radial velocity only yield v sin i which in turn gives us M sin i. For most values of i, sin i will be greater than 0.5 and this gives a mass estimate of 0.5 Jupiter masses. ...

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• Hydrogen as a Secondary Fuel
• Dark Matter in the Universe
• Planetary Formation

... Although they all formed from similar material, it is a mystery why the planets closest to the Sun Mercury, Venus and Earth are so different. Astronomers hope to learn more about how they were created by studying asteroids, which are pieces of rock that were surplus to requirements in planet building. A team of astronomers has been observing an asteroid called Lutetia that is 100 kilometres wide. ... Meteorites are much smaller than asteroids and range in size from marbles to basketballs.) ...

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• Close-up zoom on the star-forming region NGC 346 | ESO
• Close-up zoom on the star-forming region NGC 346 | ESO United States
• Close-up zoom on the star-forming region NGC 346 | ESO Australia

... Bad Astronomy . ... Dwingeloo 1 is a galaxy that's very close, yet no one saw it until pretty recently. ... Dwingeloo 1 is not alone in the cosmos; it is part of a close group of several galaxies. ... The galaxy group containing Dwingeloo 1 (actually, the group is named after the brightest member, IC 342) probably formed at the same time as the Milky Way, from a truly enormous cloud of hydrogen. ... Two large ones, orbiting each other, can pass a bit of that orbital energy to a smaller galaxy. ...

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• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions

Educator's Guide to Micrometeorites . ... They are actually small bits of rock and metal that collide with Earth's upper atmosphere and, because of friction, burn up. On rare occasions, man-made satellites and spacecraft parts fall into the atmosphere and burn up the same way. ... That is what is happening to the particles in the upper atmosphere. ... Most meteorites fall into Earth's oceans. ... There is an easy way to collect meteorites, but we must be satisfied with finding small metal ones. ...

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• K-band Arcetri Obscured Supernova Search - SNe Intro
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• Educator's Guide to Impact Craters

Animation made from Faulkes Telescope images. ... Down) have observed and imaged the unusual near-Earth asteroid 2000 PH5 during its close approach to the Earth around 27 July 2004. ... The aim of the project was to image the asteroid using the Faulkes telescope, and determine its changing brightness and position in space as the small object passed near the Earth on its orbit about the Sun. ... To find out more about the Faulkes Telescope Project, visit the web site . ...

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• J.G. Doyle, Research Astronomer
• Solar System Research
• Planetary Systems Research at Armagh

... The Sun has come all of one day away from breaking its record for the longest period of inactivity for the last decade - reaching a mid-summer low and falling into yet another state of "hibernation". Yesterday, on the first day of autumn, new sunspots appeared on the surface of the Sun following an absence of almost 50 days. ... The first low lasted 51 days, from 21 July until 11 September last year. ... Now, almost a year later, it seems the Sun has hit a new low almost as "deep" as the first. ...

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• Project's diary

... Some wonder if smaller wheels have less inertia and therefore give greater acceleration, while others believe that the smaller wheel has to spin faster, so it is a wash. ... The kinetic energy in the wheel is a measure of how much energy you've spent just getting the wheel to spin rather than investing that energy into the road. ... Larger wheels have less rolling resistance, for several reasons. ... So how much difference does the lower inertia of smaller wheels really make? ...

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... The motion of a planet around the Sun or of a scientific satellite around Earth follows different equations (though a connection exists), but in many respect it resembles that of the stone. ... Kepler's law states: . ... Illustrating Kepler's 2nd law: . ... As an example, let the drawing on the right represent the orbit of an Earth satellite, and let AB and CD be the portions of the orbit covered in 3 hours near apogee and near perigee, respectively. ... Gravity can also provide energy. ...

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• The Origin of the Solar System
• Kuiper-Oort
• Parallax

As an obligatory preparing for the application to participate in the IAO a short report of National Olympiad of the current year with a set of all problems used on the Olympiad has to be presented by the applicating team. ... The final minutes (protocols written in Latin or Cyrillic in form of tables) of the Olympiad (evaluating of solutions of the students participated in the last stage of the Olympiad) should be included as well. ... Historical data of the National Astronomy Olympiad: . ...

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• Laboratory of spectroscopy of defect structures ISSP RAS
• Astronomy: Olympiad of Scientific Centres
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... A dynamo is created in a magnetic field by an electric circuit, part of which is moving relative to the rest (additional conditions must also be met). ... Furthermore, the plasma between them conducts electricity very well along its magnetic field lines, which act as if they were wires connecting Io and the planet (drawing). ... The drawing is not to scale. ... The Hubble Space Telescope , using its Wide Field and Planetary Camera 2, has been photographing auroras of the planet Jupiter. ...

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• (S-7a) The Black Hole at the Center of our Galaxy
• Spacecraft that Explore Distant Space
• Seasons of the Year --lesson plan #5

... Sampling Descretization of a continuous-in-time signal into a finite number of samples Nyquist-Shannon Theorem: lossless for real sampling if t Lossless for complex sampling if t 1 1 2 Quantization Approximation of a range by a finite set of values Each value can be represented by a code for internal representation A reconstructed signal will differ from the original due to introduction of quantization ...

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• http://www.atnf.csiro.au/people/Tasso.Tzioumis/sms2014/presentations/Hasegawa(Welcome).pdf
• e-VLBI Workshop
• Pulsar Group PmWiki/Forms

Next: Recent Improvements to HST Parallel Scheduling . Up: Observatory Planning and Scheduling . ... The SWAS planning and scheduling system provides all functions from ephemeris processing to guide star selection to timeline generation. ... The Submillimeter Wave Astronomy Satellite is 600 lb NASA Small Explorer satellite launched into a 650 km orbit on 12/5/98. ... The planning and scheduling system provides all the functions required to plan, schedule and command SWAS. ... The schedule . ...

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• Near-IR Imaging of Star-forming Regions with IRAF
• A Graphical Planning and Scheduling Toolkit for Astronomical Spacecraft
• Source-searching in Photon-event Lists without Imaging

Next: Binary Radiopulsars with Black Up: Black Holes in Binaries Previous: Black Holes in Binaries . Two different types of stellar BH formation exist: (1) direct core collapse ? of a massive star and (2) AIC of a NS. A BH of the first type presumably will have a mass comparable to that of the collapsing star and can be born both from a single star and in a binary system. ... Next: Binary Radiopulsars with Black Up: Black Holes in Binaries Previous: Black Holes in Binaries Mike E. Prokhorov . ...

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• PSR B0042-73 in the Small Magellanic Cloud
• Nomenclature
• Caverns in Binary Systems

The central star is actually a close binary. When one star evolved, expanded in size, and became a red giant, it literally swallowed its companion. The companion star then spiralled toward the red giant. In the process, it spewed out gas which formed a ring around the binary system. ... This two-stage process may have given rise to the butterfly-like shape of NGC 2346. ...

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• As stars form, magnetic fields influence regions big and small | Astronomy.com
• Small planets don't need "heavy metal" stars to form | Astronomy.com
• How close could you be to witness Arizona's meteor crater form and still live

Halo around the Moon. Halo arises when the light beams refracted on the high clouds icy chips ina form of a six side prism. As a result we see a small halo circle with a 22°-radius. The big circle is formed by the beams paased through the side edge and the base of prismochips. Its radius is equal to 46° (nearly). The big circle is observed rarely and is shining weaker but it is easier to observe it near the Sun, if comparing with the small halo invisible in the bright Sun light. ...

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