... More on 51 Peg: . The discovery of a Jupiter--mass planet in orbit around the solar--type star 51Peg has been reported by Michel Mayor and Didier Queloz (Geneva Observatory) on October 6th at the 9th Cambridge workshop on "cool stars, stellar systems, and the sun" held at Florence (Italy). ... Recall that the measurements of radial velocity only yield v sin i which in turn gives us M sin i. For most values of i, sin i will be greater than 0.5 and this gives a mass estimate of 0.5 Jupiter masses. ...

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... Listed below are questions submitted by users of "From Stargazers to Starships" and the answers given to them. ... In "The Great Magnet, the Earth" on magnetism of the Earth. In "The Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere" on the magnetic environment of Earth in space. ... 11) Why don't we feel the Sun's gravity pull? ... 148) View of Earth and Moon from Mars . ... 29) Gravity at the Earth's Center . ... 84) How far does Earth's Gravity Extend? 96) Where do gravity of Earth and Sun balance? ...

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• Spacecraft that Explore Distant Space
• FAQ: "Exploration of the Earth's Magnetosphere"
• Flight to Mars: the Return Trip

... The study of extra solar planets will be one of the most important areas of research in astronomy in this century. ... The first planets outside the solar system were found in 1992 around the millisecond pulsar PSR B1257+12 by Alex Wolszczan at the Arecibo Observatory . ... Three space missions based on this principle (MOST, COROT and Kepler ) have already been launched or approved, and have the last one at least has the potential to find Earth-sized planets. ... SIM ( NASA ) is one of such missions...

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Circling around magnetic field lines. ... The ring current . Because positive ions and negative electrons drift in opposite directions (see drawing), that motion will create an electric current that circulates clockwise around the Earth when viewed from north. ... How then can the radiation belt and ring current arise? ... Electric fields are able to push trapped particles earthward, and unlike the purely magnetic motion described earlier, an electric field can also energize them. ...

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• Newton's theory of "Universal Gravitation"
• Lagrangian Points
• Kepler's Second Law

Jupiter is the largest of the nine planets, more than 10 times the diameter of Earth and more than 300 times its mass. ... The mean density of Earth is 5.245 times that of water. The pull of gravity on Jupiter at the top of the clouds at the equator is 2.4 times as great as gravity's pull at the surface of Earth at the equator. ... It is tipped about 11? to Jupiter's axis of rotation, similar to Earth's, but it is also offset from the center of Jupiter by about 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles). ...

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• Frequently Asked Questions
• Educator's Guide to The Inverse Square Law
• The Motion of Comets

... The discovery of giant Jupiter-type planets in a close proximity to 51 Peg, Boo, and And has prompted the question of where the planets could be formed in the circumstellar disks of solar-type stars. ... Planet formation, at distance of ~0.05 AU from the star, requires that the temperature of the circumstellar protoplanetary disk is low enough for the condensation of rocky materials, and the surface density is sufficiently high. ...

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• http://www.stsci.edu/stsci/meetings/planets/abs/prog3.html
• http://www.stsci.edu/institute/stuc/apr07-presentations/COSWhitepaper.pdf
• Research Interests

... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 Precession and free core nutation of neutron stars A. Gusev, I. Kitiashvili Kazan University, Russia In 1992 Wolszczan and Frail discovered a planetary system around the pulsar PSR 1257+12 [1]. ... Third case: the most likely possibility is the free precession of the pulsar with a rigid 81 neutron star. ... It is known that rotation of the terrestrial planets having rigid mantle and elliptical liquid core is characterized by Free Core Nutation (FCN). ...

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• http://www.ipa.nw.ru/conference/2002/sovet/PS/SOKOL_L.PS

The solar system probably formed about 4.5 billion years ago from a giant disk of gas, dust and ice in space. ... All forms of life on Earth require liquid water to survive, so the presence of liquid water is a good criterion for deciding whether other planets in the universe could be habitable. Earth is the only habitable planet in the solar system. Venus, closer to the Sun, is too hot to have liquid water. Planets and moons in the outer solar system are too cold for liquid water. ...

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• Armagh Observatory
• Armagh Astropark: The Planets
• Armagh Astropark

In ancient times the solar system was thought to be the whole Universe, so the study of planetary motions was cosmology. ... The planets other than the Moon and Sun generally move West to East through the stars, but occasionally stop and move in the opposite direction ( retrograde motion). In order to explain the retrograde motion of the planets, the geocentric model of the Solar System shown above puts the planets on small circles called epicycles . ...

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... Planets . ... Earth Satellites . ... The newly discovered ?mega-Earth? ... Its sibling, the lava world Kepler-10b, is in the background (the two planets? proximity is grossly exaggerated) .?а Kepler-10c has a diameter of about 29 000 km, 2.3 times as large as Earth, and weighs 17 times as much. ... The first mega-earth to be discovered is Kepler-10c which orbits a star lying about 560 light years from the Sun in the constellation Draco. ... Astronomers Find a New Type of Planet: The ?Mega-Earth? ...

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• Exoplanet HAT-P-1b: weird, warm and fuzzy | Astronotes
• Kepler 36b and c: Too Close for Comfort | Astronotes
• Kepler-10b: world of lava oceans? | Astronotes

God Science Forum Message . ... God and Science | ... Pluto Is Not A Planet, But A Moon Of Neptune. ... Pluto Is Not a Planet, but a Moon of Neptune . 60 years ago, at 1947, the late Mohammed Ali Hassan Al-Hilly, said in his book: (The Universe and the Quran), that Pluto is not a planet but a moon of Neptune. ... He said: " Astronomers, however, think that Pluto is a planet, but I say it is merely a moon of Neptune, and actually it is not a planet. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ...

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• Gravity Of Planets Mass - an Astronomy Net Gravity Forum Message
• Planet Science, AstroGuide Listing
• Moon, Planets And Aurora, Oh My! - an Astronomy Net Article

With this knowledge of orbits, we are ready to plan a trip to Mars. ... The spacecraft will already have the 107,000 kilometers per hour (66,500 miles per hour) speed of Earth, whereas Mars moves at only 86,900 kilometers per hour (53,900 miles per hour). ... A speed of about 42,000 kilometers per hour will be enough to escape the Earth's gravity and, when added to the Earth's orbital speed around the Sun, put the spacecraft on a Hohmann transfer orbit to the Red Planet. ... 1,570,000 . ... Earth . ...

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• ASP: A Good Definition of the Word "Planet": Mission Impossible?
• ASP: Good Astronomy Activities on the WWW
• ASP: What Have We Learned About Halley's Comet?

Uranus: around the Sun, "lying in the side". Uranus . ... Mass . ... The period of rotation . ... The average distance from the Sun . ... Excentricity of the orbit . ... Uranus is the seventh from the Sun great planet of the Solar system. ... The theoretical model of Uranus structure is following its upper layer is a gasoliquid shell under which is an icy cloak (the water and ammonia ice) then comes the core of the solid soils. The cloak and the core mass is about 85-90% of all Uranus mass. ...

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• venerae
• radiazpe
• plutone

... Jupiter is our Solar System?s very own superhero. The giant planet is two and a half times more massive than all the rest of the planets in our Solar System combined. And with great mass, comes great gravity. With the power of super-strong gravity, Jupiter plays a heroic role in our Solar System, protecting life on Earth. ... Unfortunately, we have found lots of solar systems with massive planets that lie close to their star, but not so many that lie far away, like Jupiter. ...

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• http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1142/kids/
• http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1134/kids/
• http://www.eso.org/public/news/eso1423/kids/

... As you may know, I'm writing a book for Prentice-Hall, due in January, called Peer Instruction for Astronomy. ... I'm looking for a colleague or two willing to review/critique some of the ConcepTest questions that will be included in the book. See http://hea-www.harvard.edu/~pgreen/educ/ConcepTests.html I suspect that a significant contribution would only take you 2-3 hours. ... ConcepTests are multiple choice questions which the students pose to each other in small groups, during class. ...

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• PAUL J. GREEN - Contributing ConcepTests

... Bad Astronomy . ... Every few months, one of a series of questions comes up on the USENET group sci.astro involving tides, or the rotation of the Moon, or the recession of the Moon from the Earth. ... Why the Moon's rotation period is the same as the length of time it takes to orbit the Earth (same as number 1, but phrased differently). ... But when this happens, the time it takes for the Earth to rotate once will be slowed to exactly the same time it takes for the Moon to go around the Earth once! ...

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• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Bitesize Astronomy
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Mad Science
• Phil Plait's Bad Astronomy: Misconceptions: Planet X

... Астронет | ... 2002: Possible comet around the pulsar PSR1257+12 (courtesy Daniel Fischer) . ... A possible fourth, Saturn-like, planet at ~ 40 UA (Joshi & Rasio 1996, Wolszczan 1996) . ... Planetary system around the pulsar PSR 1257+12 . ... Is there a comet cloud around PSR 1257+12? ... Are there really planets around PSR 1257+12? ... abstract . ... Implications of the PSR 1257+12 Planetary System for Isolated Millisecond Pulsars. ... On the verification of the planetary system around PSR 1257+12 ...

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• Planets Around Sun-Like Stars
• Eight Planets and New Solar System Designations
• Астронет > Eight Planets and New Solar System Designations

... 2006 August 28 . Eight Planets and New Solar System Designations . ... Explanation: How many planets are in the Solar System? This popular question now has a new formal answer according the International Astronomical Union (IAU): eight. Last week, the IAU voted on a new definition for planet and Pluto did not make the cut. ... The eight planets now recognized by the IAU are: Mercury , Venus , Earth , Mars , Jupiter , Saturn , Uranus , and Neptune . ... About APOD | ...

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• APOD: January 31, 1996 - Planets Around Sun-Like Stars
• APOD: December 1, 1995 - 51 Pegasi: A New Planet Discovered
• APOD: 2002 May 9 - Planets Over Stonehenge

... What do we know? ... The peak radio emission is around 7(10-16Wm-2, and we are viewing it from a distance of half a light year. ... Radio Power. ... So the total power striking both is around 1017W. So the radio power coming out at 1420 MHz is comparable to all the Twinky light falling on both objects combined! ... If both planets had the same mass, they would orbit around a point mid-way between them, so the radius of motion of the radio source would be around 14,000 km. ... Reflected Twinky light...

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• http://www.mso.anu.edu.au/pfrancis/roleplay/MysteryPlanet/answer23.pdf
• University Problem Based Learning Exercises for Teaching Astronomy and Physics
• Answers: Assignment 3

... Star Atlas . ... Gravitational wave search provides insights into galaxy evolution and mergers . ... galaxies . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... Astronomy for Kids . ... Dave's Universe . ... Everything around us is spinning: particles, planets, stars, galaxies. ... Planets rotate, as do stars and galaxies. ... Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ... If you are already registered on Astronomy.com, please log in below. ...

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• Would it be possible to find a moon around an extrasolar planet? If so, how? |
• Gaseous ring around young star raises questions | Astronomy.com
• Astronomy Magazine - Interactive Star Charts, Planets, Meteors, Comets,