... Future seminars . P a s t seminars . Seminar council . Russian missions to the Moon, Venus, and Mars in the 1960s ". ... Flights to the Moon, Venus, and Mars were a natural continuation of the Russian space program after the success of the first orbiters (Sputniks) in 1957-58. Sixteen spacecraft were sent to the Moon in 1959-1970 in the Soviet Union . ... The 3MV program involved a landing probe to Venus and flybys of Venus and Mars using similar spacecraft with launch in 1964-1965. ...
Courtesy of NASA's National Space Science Data Center . ... The Lunar Orbiter 4 spacecraft was designed primarily to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selection and verification of safe landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo missions. ... This experiment consisted of a dual-lens camera system designed to satisfy the primary mission objective of providing photogaphic information for mapping and for the evaluation of Apollo and Surveyor landing sites. ...
Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter . NASA Mars Orbiter . ... The Mars Surveyor '98 Orbiter is the companion spacecraft to the Mars Surveyor '98 Lander. ... The orbiter has as its primary science objectives to: 1) monitor the daily weather and atmospheric conditions; 2) record changes on the martian surface due to wind and other atmospheric effects, 3) determine temperature profiles of the atmosphere; and 4) monitor the water vapor and dust content of the atmosphere. ...