Plasma phenomena occuring at one place in the magnetosphere also affect other locations This linkage is most pronounced between points that share the same field line, since field lines guide the motion of ions and electrons. ... It follows that the places on Earth most sensitive to distant magnetic effects are the "polar caps" , the regions around the magnetic poles. A good example is the polar aurora . ... way polar field lines . ... and to the Sun . ... Next Stop: #26H. Polar Cap--History . ...

... Hiorter and Celsius note that the polar aurora is accompanied by a disturbance of the magnetic needle. ... Richard Carrington in England observes a violent and rapid eruption near a sunspot; 17 hours later a large magnetic storm begins. ... Using it he observes a solar flare and confirms the connection between flares and magnetic storms. ... Explorer 1, launched by the US January 31, observes the radiation belt; Explorer 3, launched in March, comes up with the first clear evidence for its existence....

... Before Voyager . ... Moons . The Rings . ... At its closest, the spacecraft came within 81,500 kilometers (50,600 miles) of Uranus's cloud tops on January 24, 1986. Voyager 2 radioed thousands of images and voluminous amounts of other scientific data on the planet, its moons, rings, atmosphere, interior and the magnetic environment surrounding Uranus. ... All nine previously known rings of Uranus were photographed and measured, as were other new rings and ringlets in the Uranian system. ...

Cosmic Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 435­488. Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 453­508. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Veselovsky, Panasyuk, Avdyushin, Bazilevskaya, Belov, Bogachev, Bogod, Bogomolov, Bothmer, Boyarchuk, Vashenyuk, Vlasov, Gnezdilov, Gorgutsa, Grechnev, Denisov, Dmitriev, Dryer, Yermolaev, Eroshenko, Zherebtsov, Zhitnik, Zhukov, Zastenker, Zelenyi, Zeldovich, Ivanov-Kholodnyi, Ignat'ev, Ishkov, Kolomiytsev, Krasheninnikov, Kudela,