Organizations - participants of the project "Kolibri-2000". Russian participants in the Project: . Space-rocket corporation "Energy" (RKK "Energy"), Korolev; . Space Research Institute, RAS (IKI RAS), Moscow; . ... Nuclear Physics Institute of MSU (NPI MSU), Moscow; . Institute of Atomic Power (IATE), Obninsk; . Research laboratory R?S??, group PLIS (PLIS), Kaluga; . ... Ad Hoc Dedicated Research Team (VTK), involving specialists from the above listed, and other organizations. ...

... The SHARP cannon . ... HARP Gun (Photo by Peter . ... HARP, for High Altitude Research Project, was a study of the upper atmosphere by instruments shot from a cannon. ... The cannon which propelled the Martlet to the high atmosphere was the creation of Gerald Bull, a Canadian engineer who specialized in the design of cannon. ... Like Gerald Bull, the German designers started with a big cannon designed for a battleship, but then they inserted in it a narrower barrel, of caliber 210 mm or about 9". ...

... Viking was designed to orbit Mars and to land and operate on the planet's surface. ... After studying orbiter photos, the Viking site certification team considered the original landing site for Viking 1 unsafe. ... Certification of a new landing site took place in time for a Mars landing on September 3, 1976, at Utopia Planitia, at 47.7њN latitude, and 225.8њ longitude. ... Changes in the Martian surface occur extremely slowly, at least at the Viking landing sites. ...

Cosmic Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 435­488. Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 453­508. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Veselovsky, Panasyuk, Avdyushin, Bazilevskaya, Belov, Bogachev, Bogod, Bogomolov, Bothmer, Boyarchuk, Vashenyuk, Vlasov, Gnezdilov, Gorgutsa, Grechnev, Denisov, Dmitriev, Dryer, Yermolaev, Eroshenko, Zherebtsov, Zhitnik, Zhukov, Zastenker, Zelenyi, Zeldovich, Ivanov-Kholodnyi, Ignat'ev, Ishkov, Kolomiytsev, Krasheninnikov, Kudela,