As noted earlier Kristian Birkeland, reporting in 1903 on his expeditions to the auroral zone, proposed that magnetic disturbances accompanying the aurora were caused by large electric currents flowing down the length of auroral formations. ... Some scientists disagreed with Birkeland and claimed the electrojets did not connect to space but instead their entire circuit lay inside the ionosphere, like that of other ionospheric currents known at the time, believed to be caused by atmospheric tides. ...
... CURRENT ASPECTS OF REMOTE SENSING OF EARTH FROM SPACE . ... For developing of the scientific concept and the programs of global monitoring of the Earth from space and pursuant to the disposal of Presidium of Russian Academy of Sciences # 10310-717 (August 11, 2004 ) Space Research Institute RAS and Center of Space Observations of the Russian Space Agency during November 16-18, 2004 conduct the Second Opened All-Russia conference ' Current Aspects of Remote ...
Ice Volcanoes Reshape Europa's Chaotic Surface . Ice-spewing volcanoes and the grinding and tearing of tectonic plates have reshaped the chaotic surface of Jupiter's frozen moon Europa, images from NASA's Galileo spacecraft reveal. ... Although the images do not show currently active ice volcanoes or geysers, they do reveal flows of material on the surface that probably originated from them, said Galileo imaging team member Dr. Ronald Greeley of Arizona State University, Tempe. ... Europa . ...