... The expansion is measured as a number called the Hubble Constant . ... Our value is about 20% lower than the one got with the Hubble Space Telescope in 1994," said Dr Jim Lovell, leader of the team that made the measurement. The Hubble Constant is named after American astronomer Edwin Hubble, who in the 1920s found that other galaxies were moving away from ours. ... The Hubble Constant links the galaxy's distance with its speed." ... A short run-down on the Hubble Constant: . ...

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This page provides explanatory text for the dials shown on the Rice Current Solar Wind Conditions and Current Solar Wind Conditions (Dials Only) webpage. These dials use the last good received set of measurements from the Real Time Solar Wind package on the Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE) spacecraft. ... Measured) This quantity is the number of solar wind protons per unit volume as measured by the ACE Solar Wind Electron Proton Alpha Monitor (SWEPAM) . ... It is measured by ACE/SWEPAM. ...

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The ESA/ESO Astronomy Exercise Series 2 . The Distance to Messier 100 as Determined by Cepheid Variable Stars . ... The small variations in distance to the individual Cepheid variable stars in the Cloud are negligible compared with the much larger distance to the SMC. ... In this way Cepheid variable stars can be used as one of the 'standard candles' in the Universe that act either as distance indicators themselves or can be used to calibrate (or set the zero point for) other distance indicators. ...

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Lesson Plan #30 http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Lgravity.htm . This lesson re-derives Newton's result, that if the force of gravity decreases like the square of the distance from the center of attraction, the same force that causes objects on the Earth"s surface to fall can also be responsible for the motion of the Moon. ... This lesson plan supplements: "Newton's Theory of Universal Gravitation," section #20 http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Sgravity.htm . ... Starting the lesson: . ...

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Problem Set 2 - CosmologyґA3002 ґDue on or before November 7th. Can be sent via internal mail (Brian Schmidt, RSAA) use H0=70 km/s/Mpc, M=0.27, =0.73, w=-1 for all problems. ... Finish off your Monte Carlo simulation by selecting objects at random redshifts from 0<z<0.1, assuming that they have a mean absolute magnitude of M=-19.5 with a dispersion 0.2 magnitudes. ... Problem 2.1 (2 pt): In class we described the scale at which material can collapse in the Universe as the Jeans' length. ...

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In order to measure the density of the Universe, it is necessary to sample a region that is larger than the scale on which the Universe becomes approximately homogeneous. ... When applied to clusters of galaxies we find a mass to luminosity ratio that implies a density of the Universe that is about 0.3 times the critical density. ... Thus the mass-to-muinosity ratio appears to vary with the size of the region measured, from 3 in the solar neighborhood to 30 in galaxies to 300 in clusters of galaxies. ...

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where otherwise stated, constants are denoted by the following symbols and may be taken to have the values below Elementary charge Speed of light in vacuum Planck constant Permeability of vacuum Permittivity of vacuum Unified atomic mass constant Rest mass of proton Rest mass of electron Boltzmann constant Avogadro constant Gravitational ... Two space craft are travelling in opposite directions towards each other, one at speed u and the other at speed v with respect to the Earth. ...

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Astronomy Terms - To Help You Study The Universe . Articles | ... Learning about the universe, or the study of astronomy, can be fun for the individual or for the whole family. ... Learning a few simple terms will help you with this fascinating study. ... You will use a telescope or binoculars for your observation of the sky at night. ... Celestial Terms . ... Meteor or a shooting star ? the light caused when a meteoroid burns up in Earth's . ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ...

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... History ------- 04 Aug 2001 v0.90 more reorganisation. Hopefully CPAN-friendly now more tests (thanks Brad) 02 Aug 2001 v0.84 minor reorganisation, no change to code or docs 01 Aug 2001 v0.83 added version method, renamed string to stringify further documentation improvements improvements to test suite (thanks Brad) 29 Jul 2001 v0.82 added STERADIAN to constants improved documentation 28 Jul 2001 v0.81 renamed to Astro :: Cosmology removed need for PDL :: Astro :: Constants 19 Jul ...

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... This transit allows for the angular size of the dark spot (i.e. Venus) to be measured in a way that is more accurate than other ways. ... Calculate the distance to the Sun by assuming that the Earth and Venus have the same physical diameter (i.e. 12,600 km). ... The solar constant, the amount of energy that is received by the earth at the top of our atmosphere is 1.4 x 10 6 ergs cm -2 sec -1 , Calculate the total luminosity of the sun (you should get 4x10 33 ergs/sec). ...

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The database contains references to the papers, data files and links to the Internet resources related to measurements and calculations of the optical constants in the wavelength interval from X-rays to radio domain. ... References to some useful books and reviews on the subject (e.g. the classical handbooks edited by E.D.Palik) and links to Internet collections of optical constants and personal WWW pages with related software were also placed in the database. You have arrived at our welcome page. ...

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... Credit Copyright: Edward Wright (UCLA), COBE Project, Courtesy MSFC , NASA Explanation: Indicated on this infrared image of the galactic center region is the position of SGR 1900+14 - the strongest known magnet in the galaxy. ... The Earth's magnetic field which deflects compass needles is measured to be about 1 Gauss, the strongest fields sustainable in Earth-based laboratories are about 100,000 Gauss, yet the Magnetar's monster magnetic field is estimated to be 1,000,000,000,000,000 Gauss. ...

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Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... The algorithm and appropriate program for decametric radiosignal propagation conditions prediction for paths from 500 to 9000 km have been developed at ISTP SB on the basis of normal wave method (AltyntsevaB.I,Iliyin N.V., Kurkin V.I. and others //Decameters channel simulation on the base of normal wave method . ... Solar activity indices are chosen automatically from the prediction date from the database . ...

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Calculation of Atmospheric Emission Measured by Gregorian Feed Horns Paul F. Goldsmith September 16, 2001 As we use higher frequencies, emission from the Earth's atmosphere becomes more sig- ni cant. ... To use this program, you input the altitude, temperature, and precipitable water vapor (pwv) in mm. ... I have run the ATM code for several values of pwv with plausible temperature, and generated the zenith sky temperature as a function of frequency between 1 and 15 GHz. ...

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... After all we cannot send a probe to the star Altair to confirm that it is 17 light years away. ... The "Bessel determined that the star 61 Cygni was about ten light years away" Earth goes around the Sun in one year, so in six month it is in the opposite position in its orbit. ... In 1838 Bessel determined that the star 61 Cygni had a parallax of 0.314 arcseconds and therefore the star was about ten light years away (today the distance is more precisely measured to be 11.4 light years). ...

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... One Jansky (Jy) is defined as 10 -26 Wm -2 Hz -1 , so it is a unit of measurement of the spectral flux density, F . ... 3x10 -12 . ... erg sec -1 cm -2 ?m -1 . ... where m is the magnitude and F o the zero-point flux for the given photometric band. ... Surface brightnesses are generally measured in Janskys arcsec -2 , MJy steradian -1 or magnitudes arcsec -2 . If you have a surface brightness S in MJy steradian -1 , then you can use: S [Jy arcsec -2 ] = S [MJy ster -1 ] x 0.084616. ...

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Next: The Stopping Radius Up: ``Ecology'' of Magnetic Rotators Previous: A Gravimagnetic Rotator . We shall assume that the rotator is surrounded by an ideally conductive plasma with a density and a sound velocity at a sufficiently far distance from the rotator. ... The following classification ? of magnetic rotators ? ? is based on the essential characteristics of the interaction of the plasma surrounding them with their electromagnetic field. ... leading to a spindown ? of the rotator. ...

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... Home Education Classes AAA Winter Astronomy Class: Measuring Distances in Space тАУ Dec 2015 тАУ Feb 2016 . ... Classes . AAA Fall Astronomy Class: Astronomy Basics тАУ October-November 2015 . AAA Winter Astronomy Class: Measuring Distances in Space тАУ Dec 2015 тАУ Feb 2016 . AAA Spring Astronomy Class: The Physics of Astronomy тАУ February - March 2016 . ... This MonthтАЩs Sky тАУ April 2016 . ... Dec. ... Observing Resources for Amateur Astronomers - Part 1: Beginning Observers . ...

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... Bad Astronomy . ... Mad Science . ... Keep Bad Astronomy close to your heart, and help make me filthy rich. ... How did early astronomers determine the distance form earth to the sun, and what method is used today to determine distances in space? ... Since Huygens knew the Sun-Venus-Earth angle (from the phases), and he could directly measure the Sun-Earth-Venus angle (simply by measuring Venus' apparent distance from the Sun on the sky) all he needed was to know the distance from Earth to Venus. ...

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... RECOMMENDED VALUES OF PHYSICAL CONSTANTS AND CONVERSION FACTORS. ... This reference must be included when these constants are used in a context where their full accuracy is important. ... elementary charge (of proton) . ... gravitational constant . ... unified atomic mass constant . ... of electron . ... of proton . ... Planck constant . ... Rydberg constant, m 0 2 m e e 4 c 3 /8h 3 . ... fine structure constant, m 0 e 2 c/2h . ... Bohr radius, h 2 ( pm 0 c 2 m e e 2 ) . ... Bohr magneton, e h /2m e...

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