... Models of central engines (1) Potential of disk accretion onto stellar mass black holes: disk binding energy: thin disk life time: - accreted mass - disk outer radius - gravitational radius - Shakura­Sunyaev parameter Ultra-dense Hyper-Eddington neutrino cooled disks !! ... 1989); Neutron star + Neutron star Neutron star + Black hole White dwarf + Black hole Black hole + compact disk Burst duration: 0.1s ­ 1.0s Released binding energy: (1.2) Collapsars­ origin of long duration GRBs? ...

The magnetic mapping is fulfilled by the magnetic field line tracing from the satellite position up to the Ionosphere (stop trace at the altitude 110 km). ... As a rule the Tsyganenko [1987] external magnetic field model and IOPT = 3 (Kp = 2) are used. ... The output file includes the following information: . ... For example the file with name aa9610d1.geo contains the information corresponding to the aposteriory magnetic mapping for INTERBALL Auroral Probe for the first decade of October 1996. ...

Gaspra . ... On October 29, 1991, Galileo came within 1,600 kilometers (1,000 miles) of Gaspra. ... These two color views of the asteroid Gaspra were produced by combining three images taken through violet, green, and infrared filters by the Galileo spacecraft on October 29, 1991, from a distance of about 16,000 kilometers (10,000 miles). ... The earliest view (upper left) was taken 5 hours, 45 minutes before closest approach when the spacecraft was 164,000 kilometers (102,000 miles) from Gaspra. ...

Cosmic Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 435­488. Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 453­508. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Veselovsky, Panasyuk, Avdyushin, Bazilevskaya, Belov, Bogachev, Bogod, Bogomolov, Bothmer, Boyarchuk, Vashenyuk, Vlasov, Gnezdilov, Gorgutsa, Grechnev, Denisov, Dmitriev, Dryer, Yermolaev, Eroshenko, Zherebtsov, Zhitnik, Zhukov, Zastenker, Zelenyi, Zeldovich, Ivanov-Kholodnyi, Ignat'ev, Ishkov, Kolomiytsev, Krasheninnikov, Kudela,