... Avg: the average value of the spectra (maybe throwing out some channels at the edges). <>:average over the spectra (throwing out points at the edges if you want). gCal(f) :- frequency dependence of the tabulated cal values. ... calInK(Avg): Scaler cal value averaged over the band. calOffSpc(Avg): cal off value averaged over the band (in spectrometer counts) . ... cntsToK(avg) = calInK(Avg) / (calDif_cnts(Avg)) . To convert a spectrum b_cnts in spectrometer counts to b_K in Kelvins using cntsToK: . ...

Next: *upspecrdf, downspecrdf* - Transform Up: Spectral Analysis Previous: *grid_plot* - Plot Results . The conversion of count rate to flux depends on the intrinsic spectrum of the source, so xflux must be used in conjunction with fit . Fit generates a table of the best fit intrinsic spectrum ( _int.tab extension). xflux uses this table to calculate either the integrated flux between two energy limits or the flux density at a specific energy. ... This produces ``..._obs.tab'' file. ...

... When using a single spectral window, and observing spectral lines, the bandwidth of the ATCA can be problematically narrow, or the channel widths can be too coarse. ... A partial work around for this situation is to use the two ATCA frequency bands to observe in adjacent somewhat overlapping windows, and using the same bandwidths and channel counts for the two windows. ... In so doing, it handles any overlap region between the two windows in a sensible fashion. ...

... Let us first find out which way -- rise in spectral resolution with some loss in the S/N ratio or increase in the S/N ratio with a fixed spectral resolution -- is better for the purpose of reduction of equivalent width determination errors. ... N -- number of counts for 1 ? ... line equivalent width, . ... Thus if the spectral resolution is managed to be increased (i.e. to decrease )without loss in the number of counts falling at 1 ?, the equivalent width measurement error is then proportional to . ...

... We demonstrate through numerical simulations that model parameters estimated with our technique are essentially bias-free, even when the average number of counts per bin is 1. ... The IW technique avoids such biases by estimating through successive iterations, where for each iteration, j, , and the best-fit parameters are determined by minimization of . ... In our sample, we find that the minimum values and best-fit parameters converge after about 6 iterations. ...

2.5 m Counterweight Settings . ... 30 Display Units) . Spectrographs* plus Corrector & Cartridge . ... Spectrographs** (no cartridge or corrector) . ... Spectrographs* + Corrector . ... Spectrographs* + Cartridge (no corrector) . ... Spectrographs** + Engineering Camera . ... Spectrographs **+ Engineering Camera + Corrector . ... Spectrographs *+ Imaging Camera * . ... Spectrographs *+Engineering Camera + Hartmann screen without Conical Light Baffle . ... Assumes intermediate dewars are 1/2 full. ...

... Science . ... Science Users Information > Science Publications > Science Announcements > New GIRAFFE Spectral Resolutions Characterised For All Settings . ... ESO Data . ... The spectral resolution characterisation has been completed for all grating settings and the new resolving powers are listed under the FLAMES News . ... In some settings the spectral resolution is much higher, and in almost all HR settings there is an increase of 20-30% with respect to the values before the February intervention...

A computer controlled low light photometer for nightglow observations. Hardware units of portable photometer for low light measurements, especially night glow emission is described. ... Interface card contain three channels of 24 bit counter, 4 channels of 12 bit ADC and the buffer bus for the controlled motors of the altazimuthal fork mounting and filters wheel, the position encoders. ... Where N( ) is output signal photometer generated input light flux F( l ) . ... PMT # . 599 . ...

... We have taken into account: dead-times of detectors, data gaps, VETO, detectors signal thresholds, precursor normalized counts/sec/ keV 10-4 10-3 0.01 0.1 1 peak normalized counts/sec/ keV 10-4 10-3 0.01 0.1 1 normalized counts/sec/ keV 10-4 10-3 0.01 0.1 1 tail peak SPI ACS 120000 100000 80000 1800 [counts/s] 1400 1000 600 200 500 400 300 200 100 0 precursor 140000 tail 2 2 0 0 ISGRI -2 10 100 1000 energy channel [ ... GRB 031111A 10 100 1000 energy channel [keV] Figure 2. ...

... spectrum . ... nsource <n> : choice of source function (def: 3=Feautrier) . noptype <n> : choice of continuous opacity (def: 1=Kiel) . nhedat <nhedat> : choice of HeI data (BCS or Mon treal) (def: 1=BCS) . ... read_model <filename>: read model atmosphere in QUB/STERNE2 format . ... wavmax <w_max> : distance from line centre to compute . ... nvturb <n vt > : number of points in -dependent v turb . ... tau_exp <n> : increase resolution of optical depth scale by adding additional points . ...

As noted in the section on plasmas , gases conduct electricity only when some of their atoms are ionized, i.e. are split up into free electrons and ions . Fast electrons and ions emitted by radioactive materials do ionize atoms with which they collide, and Hans Geiger, an associate of Rutherford ( ions, history ) used this property to invent a sensitive detector for such particles. A Geiger counter . ... Question about the Geiger Counter . Exploration" home page (index) Glossary . ...

... Timeline . ... 10a. Particle Drift . ... 11a. Geiger Counter . ... Fast Particles . ... Energy . As noted in the section on plasmas , gases conduct electricity only when some of their atoms are ionized, i.e. are split up into free electrons and ions . ... A Geiger Counter A "Geiger counter" usually contains a metal tube with a thin metal wire along its middle, the space in between them sealed off and filled with a suitable gas, and with the wire at about +1000 volts relative to the tube. ...

OptInt PmWiki : Pm Wiki / Ref Count . ... RefCount performs link reference counts on pages in the PmWiki database (i.e., counts of links between pages). ... To use refcount add ?action=refcount to the URL of any wiki page to bring up the reference count form. ... PmWiki.RefCount?action=refcount . ... missing ~ Shows only references to pages that don't exist . existing ~ Shows only references to pages that do exist . orphaned ~ Shows pages that exist but don't have any references to them. ...

... Solar flare activity is produced by the processes of accumulation and release of energy in an active region. ... In the framework of study of solar active regions, producing powerful flares the researchers from the RATAN-600 radio telescope have detected sources with features in the form of a sharp drop in the intensity of polarized radiation in various parts of the recorded frequency range (2-16GHz), sometimes changing the sign of polarization. ...

Integration and performance of the flight configuration SIR on TELIS P. Yagoubov1, G. de Lange1, A. de Lange, M. Romanini, R. Hoogeveen1, V. Koshelets2, G. Wagner3, M. Birk 1Nation 3 al Institute for ... Netherlands 2Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics, IREE, Russia 3Institute for Remote Sensing Technology, DLR, Germany Abstract TELIS (Terahertz and submm Limb Sounder) is a cooperation between European institutes, DLR, RAL and SRON, to build a three- ... LO frequency 624.93 GHz. ...

... Credit Copyright: Rick Scott Explanation: In the clear, dark and moonless predawn hours of November 18 , Greenbelt, Maryland's local baseball field was packed. ... Some had long since lost track ... but others were keeping score, counting hundreds of Leonid meteors in a short hour's worth of skygazing. ... NASA Web Site Statements, Warnings, and Disclaimers . ... Publications with keywords: radiant point - meteor shower - Leonids . Publications with words: radiant point - meteor shower - Leonids . ...

Uncertainties are a bit different in counting experiments - this lesson explains how. It also covers averaging and how that affects uncertainties. Back Main Uncertainties Page .

. Full screen versions . Number - magnitude counts . Number - redshift counts . | Front page | . | << - Redshift wedge | Completeness estimates - >> | . Robert J. Smith, ">rsmith@mso.anu.edu.au Last modified: Fri Sep 24 11:39:02 EST 1999 .

Astronomy Discussion Forums . Forums: . ... Discussion Forums . ... I Can Count Words, Ideas, Posts.. I Am Sorry You Cannot . Forum List | ... Post Message | ... Posted by Mike Pearson on November 4, 2002 19:24:19 UTC . ... Login to Post . ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | Advertise on Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

The HyperNews Linux KHG Discussion Pages . Forum: The Linux Kernel Hackers' Guide . Keywords: network interface counters . Date: Fri, 03 Oct 1997 22:10:44 GMT . From: Keith Dart < kdart@cisco.com > . Is there an ioctl or some other way to reset the network device counters (as shown in /proc/net/dev) to zero? . TIA, Keith Dart .