... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... Risks Comparable to NEOs . ... The Increasing Rate of Discovery of Asteroids . ... Comet and Asteroid Collision Probabilities . ... Extreme albedo comets and the impact hazard (PDF Format) . ... Asteroid Impact Animations . ... Workshop on Scientific Requirements for Mitigation of Hazardous Comets and Asteroids - 2002 . ... The Spaceguard Survey Report, 1992 (PDF) . Tsunami from Asteroid/Comet Impacts . ...

Unlike the other small bodies in the solar system, comets have been known since antiquity. ... As of 1995, 878 comets have been cataloged and their orbits at least roughly calculated. ... When they are near the Sun and active, comets have several distinct parts: . ... A comet whose orbit takes it near the Sun is also likely to either impact one of the planets or the Sun or to be ejected out of the solar system by a close encounter (esp. with Jupiter). ... more comet images . ... HST images . ...

U nlike the other small bodies in the solar system, comets have been known since antiquity. There are Chinese records of Comet Halley going back to at least 240 BC. ... W hen they are near the Sun and active, comets have several distinct parts: . ... A comet whose orbit takes it near the Sun is also likely to either impact one of the planets or the Sun or to be ejected out of the solar system by a close encounter (esp. with Jupiter). ... more comet images . ... Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) . ...

... 32a. Early Solar Warning . ... Artist's rendering of solar sail. One such method is the use of a solar sail , relying on the pressure of sunlight. ... When the sail faces the Sun squarely, the pressure of sunlight counteracts the Sun's pull and only enables the satellite to circle the Sun in a slightly larger orbit. ... The starship is propelled by a huge solar sail, pushed by tight beams of light from lasers which are powered by sunlight and orbit the Sun. ... The solar sail home page . ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... The Magazine . ... Star Atlas . ... An artificial comet holds secrets to Earths life . ... Astronomy for Kids . ... Observing springtime deep-sky objects with a large telescope . ... The planet has extreme temperature swings and perhaps active lava flows. ... A digital supplement to Astronomy magazine. ... Join TravelQuest International with Astronomy and Discover magazines on one of three great tour options surrounding this celestial spectacle . ... Astronomy Magazine . ...

Dione's Lagrange Moon Helene . ... Credit Copyright: NASA , Voyager 2 Explanation: Saturn 's moon Helene is very unusual in that it circles Saturn near the orbit of a bigger moon: Dione . Helene is situated in what is called a "Lagrange point" of Dione - a place of stability created by Dione's gravity. Were Helene to stray slightly from its orbit 1/6 ahead of Dione, the larger moon's gravity would cause Helene to move back toward the Lagrange point. ... NASA Official: Jay Norris. ...

... Planets . ... Stars . Exoplanets . ... Most exoplanets so far discovered fall into the category of тАШhot JupitersтАЩ, these are giant planets orbiting very close to their parent star. ... Note that we have discovered so many hot Jupiters because they are the easiest type of planet to find, they are not necessarily particularly common in the galaxy. ... Subsequently several similar hot and€а fuzzy worlds have been discovered the same way, proving this that this planet is not a one-off oddball. ...

Thought-Provoking Imagery Shows Sun's Place in the Galaxy . ... SOHO - Explosive Coronal Mass Ejections from the Sun . SOHO-6 Comet at 2-6 solar radii from the Sun . ... The remarkable images come from SOHO's visible-light coronagraph, LASCO, which is able to mask the intense rays from the Sun's surface in order to reveal the much fainter glow of the solar atmosphere, or corona. ... SOHO is ideally placed to report and even anticipate their origins in the Sun's atmosphere. ... The Sun . ...

In the last (1995/96) year, as in the past years, there was few- level astronomical olympiad in Russia. ... We try to use the Olympiads not only to reveal the most bright teenagers and to support the interest to astronomy among schoolchild- ren. ... The main problem which we meet every year is to find financial support to organize the Olympiads. ... To Russian Olympiad on Astronomy and Cosmic Physics (in Russian CyrWin) . Back to Russian Olympiads on Astronomy and Cosmic Physics Home Page . ...

JSC Celebrates 40 Years of Human Space Flight . ... Scheduled for completion about 2006, the completed International Space Station will have a mass of about 1,040,000 pounds. ... The assembled space station will provide the first laboratory complex where gravity, a fundamental force on Earth, can be controlled for extended periods. ... Hospitals, business parks and solar electric power stations that beam clean, inexpensive energy back to Earth are likely to dot the "space-scape" 40 years from now. ...

... Bad Astronomy . ... Bitesize Astronomy . ... The Nine Planets . ... The Sun stays at the center and the planets orbit it serenely, each in its place. ... Tiny Pluto, orbiting the Sun an average of nearly 40 times the Earth's orbital radius, has an odd orbit. Most planets orbit the Sun in nearly perfect circles, but Pluto's orbit is noticeably elliptical. ... The orbits of Pluto and Neptune have a coincidental timing to them: Pluto orbits the Sun twice for every three times Neptune does. ...

... Artist?s conception of the collision of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 with Jupiter, as seen from the Galileo spacecraft. At the time of the first impact, the comet fragments will be much farther apart than shown in this illustration. ... One orbit, computer May 18, 1993 by Syuichi Nakano, showed that the comet passed close to Jupiter in July 1992, and would pass within 45,000 kilometers of the center of Jupiter in July, 1994. ... The fragments of Shoemaker-Levy 9 move around Jupiter. ...

Next: GOCG Post-Observation Products . ... Reconstructed Orbit . JPL MMNAV Reconstructed Orbit . ... The JPL MMNAV files will be made available on the JPL MMNAV FTP site in directory [RAstron.ODDATA.JPLICV.TRACK] (note the capital letters). back to top . ... What: X-band Doppler tracking data will be transmitted in near real-time from the DSN GTS to the JPL MMNAV team and from the Pushchino GTS to the ASC navigation team, and post-pass (via FTP) from the GBTS to the JPL MMNAV team. ...

... get out of the dumpster . ... get your keys from him . go get on your bike and ride . punch out the biker . ... hide in the yard (near left side) . ... put meat in a car . ... get fake ID's . ... open chest (use tire iron) . ... get hover unit from smashed car (use tire iron) . ... steal box of bunnies . open bunny box on field . ... go back to souvenir booth; get another box . open box #2 . ... open floor safe (use one of the part numbers) . ... get on your bike (far left of plane) . ...

Pulkovo NEO Page . ... EPOS Software Package . ... EPOS ( E phemeris P rogram for O bjects of the S olar system) is the Windows PC application for study and ephemeris support of observations of the Solar system objects. ... It controls the part of common data and transfers the control to one of the programs that solve the restricted set of tasks. ... So with the EPOS software package one can calculate the accurate ephemerides for many objects and get the quick illustration of their motion as well. ...

... Subject and Problems of Stellar Astronomy. ... Plane of Galaxy, Methods of Its Location Determination. ... Stars Distances. ... Other Methods of Stars Distances Determination. ... Tangential Velocities, Their Determination by Self-Motions. ... Determination of Solar Apex and Spatial Velocity by Radial and Spatial Velocities of Stars. ... Features of Orientation and Parameters of Peculiar Stellar Velocities Ellipsoid. ... General and Selective Light Absorption in Galaxy. ... Darc Clouds in Galaxy. ...

... Solar System . ... European astronomers have discovered a planet with about the mass of the Earth orbiting a star in the Alpha Centauri system тАФ the nearest to Earth. ... Alpha Centauri is one of the brightest stars in the southern skies and is the nearest stellar system to our Solar System тАФ only 4.3 light-years away. ... The European team detected the planet by picking up the tiny wobbles in the motion of the star Alpha Centauri B created by the gravitational pull of the orbiting planet [2] . ...

... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 Formation and migration of trans -- Neptunian objects S. I. Ipatov 1;2 1 Institute of Applied Mathematics, Moscow, Russia 2 NASA/GSFC, Greenbelt, USA We support the Eneev's idea [1] that the largest (with diameter d?100 km) trans ­ Neptunian objects ( TNOs ) moving now in not very eccentric orbits ... The total amount of water delivered to the Earth during the formation of the giant planets was about the mass of water in the Earth's oceans. ...

Launch Vehicle Molniya . ... The new four-stage launch vehicle was derived from rocket P-7. ... A control system for stages I and L designed by NII headed by N. A. Pilyugin was also provided on stage L. An automatic interplanetary station for a mission to Venus has been developed in the second half of 1960. ... On April 24, 1964 the automatic interplanetary station was launched to Venus and without critical comments regarding the launch vehicle. ... Official WEB-site of S.P.Korolev RSC Energia . ...

. Last update: August 16, 2006 . kielkopf at louisville.edu