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... 1993: . ... It was shown that the degree of the drop in turbulence depends on the magnetic field strength and the fact that it is completely suppressed at the field strengths of 4-5 kG. As a consequence, there arise the conditions of unimpeded diffusion of chemical elements under the influence of radiation pressure, so the degree of chemical anomalies depends on the magnetic field strength. ... Archive . ...

... To determine a lower limit to the sensitivity of current observations to measurements of NS surface temperatures, we have used data from the Einstein Slew Survey (Elvis et al. 1990) to establish temperature limits for 275 pulsars which received nonzero exposure during the survey. ... Filled squares correspond to pulsars actually detected in the survey data; the smaller symbols correspond to upper limits to the count rates. ... Click here for plot of x-ray data vs. cooling curves. ...

The efficiency of interaction of radiation with a particle and hence its optical properties depend on the particle chemical composition, size, shape, structure, etc. ... Particle size expressed in units of the wavelength of incident radiation, together with chemical composition, most strongly affects the optical properties of a scatterer. ... There are many methods to solve the light-scattering problem for a homogeneous spheroid (our survey of the light-scattering methods see here ). ...

... Because of the Earth 's gravity, atmosphere is horizontally stratified (see, e.g., Kelley, 1989). Its structure can be organized by using the neutral gas temperature, as shown in the figure from mid-latitudes (note the logarithmic altitude scale). When going upward from the ground within the lowermost atmospheric region, troposphere, the temperature decreases up to about 10 km altitude (tropopause). ... Here the radiation also ionizes the neutral atmosphere, creating the ionosphere . ... 1989. ...

Lesson Plan #36A http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Lsun1litA.htm . ... with lesson plan at Lsun1lit.htm . It supplements #S1-A Weather and the Atmosphere . ... S1-B Global Climate, Global Wind Flow . ... About the distribution of density, pressure and temperature in the atmosphere. ... The student will learn that heat originating in sunlight is stored by the atmosphere in two forms : as a rise in temperature and as humidity, evaporated water dissolved in air (turning water into vapor absorbs energy). ...

Astronomy Discussion Forums . Forums: . Atm ћ Astrophotography ћ Blackholes ћ Blackholes2 ћ CCD ћ Celestron ћ Domes ћ Education . ... Discussion Forums . ... Depends . Forum List | ... Post Message | ... Posted by Rick Crockett on April 3, 2004 23:11:37 UTC . ... Correctamundo - rickcrockett - April 5, 2004 - 16:42 UTC . ... www.astronomy.net . ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

... Sun as a Source of Perturbation of Near-Earth Medium and Solar System Bodies. ... Tidal Influence of the Sun on the Earth. ... Structure of Solar Atmosphere. ... Observing Manifestations of Solar Activity. ... Forecasting of Solar Activity. ... Influence of Solar Activity on the Structure and Dynamics of Terrestrial Atmosphere. ... Problem of Mechanism of Solar-Troposphere Connections. ... Phenomenons in Auroral Zones of the Earth as a Result of the Sun Influence on the Terrestrial Atmosphere. ...

SPACE WEATHER . The response of our space environment to the constantly changing Sun is known as space weather. ... Some of the most dramatic space weather effects occur in association with eruptions of material from the solar atmosphere into interplanetary space. ... Space weather disturbances are generally caused by solar storms. ... the Sun. ... Every object in the solar system experiences the equivalent of Earth's space weather, although its detailed characteristics differ from place to place. ...

... Moscow S. V. Ajukov THE SOLAR ENVELOPE PARAMETERS AND RADIATIVE OPACITIES IN THE MODELS OF THE PRESENT SUN Comparison of the different opacity tables at the solar core conditions. ... The convection zone depth versus the envelope entropy for the three opacity tables. ... The influence of opacity on the standard solar model parameters Increasing opacities from CS70 up to LAOL (WKM) (both in the core and the radiative zone) raises helium content by 4--5%. ... Solar models with modified opacities . ...

Random Media in Radio Astronomy · Atmosphere · Ionosphere path length ~ 6 Km path length ~100 Km Radio Propagation Basics · Refractive index n phase speed v = c/n · In air n = 1 + where 1 and depends on density and humidity · In cold plasma n 1- Ne re 2 /2 ... wavelength re = 2.8 10-15 m is the classical electron radius p is called the plasma frequency L ·Solar Wind (interplanetary plasma) path length ~ 1 AU (1.5x108 Km) · Interstellar Plasma ...

Magnesium : a new probe of the thermosphere / exosphere region V. Bourrier, A. Lecavelier des Etangs, A. Vidal-Madjar Institut d'Astrophysique de Paris/CNRS, Paris, France Atmospheric escape from HD209458b Transit observations in the Lyman- line of neutral Oxygen, carbon and silicium were also found in its Schlawin et al. 2010), carried away to high altitudes heavy species at high altitude: neutral ... 2003, Nature, 422, 143 Vidal-Madjar, A., DИsert, J.-M., et al. ...

Next: Column COOLING Up: Detectors Previous: Column DET . The spectral responsivity of a photomultiplier depends on the photocathode composition, the window composition, and the mode of illumination (i.e., from the vacuum side or the substrate side). ... The estimated value of the dead-time parameter itself, in seconds, goes in a Real*4 column called DEADTIME, and the uncertainty of the dead-time parameter, again in seconds, goes in a Real*4 column called DEADTIMEERROR. ...

Position Switching Separation Tolerance with Arecibo in L-Band Travis McIntyre The University of New Mexico July 2010 Revised December 2013 Abstract The blocked telescope aperture at Arecibo creates standing waves in the bandpass around 1MHz. ... Test observations with Arecibo in L-Band show that position switching effectively removes standing waves for separations of one half FWHM or less. Standing waves remain for separations of one FWHM, increasing the rms of the baseline by 20%. ...

... High-pressures experiments are mostly aimed at studying phase transformations in solids, synthesising new phases and studying their composition, crystal and magnetic structure, physical and thermodynamical properties. ... The specific feature of investigations at LHPP that distinguishes it from most other high-pressure laboratories is combining in situ measurements with studies at ambient pressure of new high-pressure phases fixed by quenching to liquid nitrogen temperature. ...

Hubble Finds Oxygen Atmosphere On Jupiter's Moon Europa . Astronomers using NASA's Hubble Space Telescope (HST) have identified the presence of an extremely tenuous atmosphere of molecular oxygen around Jupiter's second moon, Europa . ... Europa's oxygen atmosphere is so tenuous that its surface pressure is barely one hundred billionth that of the Earth," said Principal Investigator Doyle Hall, of Johns Hopkins. ... The oxygen gas slowly leaks into space and must be replenished continuously. ...

... i.e., the interaction of light (generally from the sun or moon) with stuff in the air: molecules, water: ice and drops; crud; smoke.. ... Ice crystals: halos, sun pillars: the whiteness and brightness of snow . ... What to look for: common halos; coloured and white structures; symmetry and asymmetry . ... How crystals float in the air; the specific orientations mean that some halos change shape and position as the sun changes altitude . ... What do halos look like and how do we recognise them? ...

. The atmosphere circulation, . the general (global) system of the air flood above the terrestrial surface, horizontal value of which is connected with the continents and oceans; . the local circulation of atmosphere depends on their geographic conditions. Back .

... STScI , and NASA Explanation: The atmosphere of a comet comes and goes . ... Immense but tenuous and fleeting, the inner atmosphere or inner "coma" of comet Hyakutake is seen in this false color picture . Oriented with the sunward direction toward the upper right, the picture is a composite of Hubble Space Telescope images recorded on April 3 and 4, 1996. ... April . ... Publications with keywords: atmosphere - comet Hyakutake . Publications with words: atmosphere - comet Hyakutake . ...

... April 10, 1998 . Hyakutake: Comet Atmosphere . ... STScI , and NASA . ... Immense but tenuous and fleeting, the inner atmosphere or inner "coma" of comet Hyakutake is seen in this false color picture . ... Hyakutake's Hydrogen atoms were produced by the breakup of water (H20) molecules evaporating from its nucleus. The Hydrogen data, combined with other observations, indicate that this comet's nucleus, itself only a few km across, was producing about 7 to 8 tons of water per second. ...