... In addition to the planets and their satellites the solar system contains a large number of smaller but interesting objects. There are thousands of known asteroids and comets and undoubtedly many more unknown ones. ... There are also some asteroids whose orbits carry them closer to the Sun than the Earth (Aten, Icarus, Hephaistos). Most comets have highly elliptical orbits which spend most of their time in the outer reaches of the solar system with only brief passages close to the Sun. ...

... In addition to the planets and their satellites the solar system contains a large number of smaller but interesting objects. T here are thousands of known asteroids and comets and undoubtedly many more unknown ones. ... There are also some asteroids whose orbits carry them closer to the Sun than the Earth (Aten, Icarus, Hephaistos). Most comets have highly elliptical orbits which spend most of their time in the outer reaches of the solar system with only brief passages close to the Sun. ...

18 Miles From Deimos . ... Credit Copyright: The Viking Project , NASA Explanation: Diminutive Deimos is the smallest of the two tiny Moons of Mars. Potato-shaped and barely 6 miles wide this asteroid-like body was visited by the Viking 2 orbiter in 1977. This image was made when the spacecraft approached to within 18 miles of Deimos' surface. ... NASA Web Site Statements, Warnings, and Disclaimers . NASA Official: Jay Norris. ... A service of: LHEA at NASA / GSFC . ...

GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (including main scientific results): . ...

History of Space Exploration . ... Space History Introduction . ... Chronology of Solar System Discovery This is a partial list of past, present, and future planetary and solar missions; for a complete account, please see the Space Exploration Chronology. Space exploration is becoming increasingly internationalized; as a result, the national designations listed here are not completely representative of the true nature of all projects. ... Apollo Lunar Surface Journal . ... Mariner Missions . ...

... Abstract Determine the state (position, velocity) of an orbiting body from a set of elliptic, hyperbolic, or parabolic orbital elements. ... The difference between this state and the state predicted by the nominal orbit at the same epoch can be computed as follows. conics_c ( elts, later, nominal ); vsubg_c ( nominal, state, 6, diff ); printf( "Perturbation in x, dx/dt = %f %f", diff[0], diff[3] ); printf( " y, dy/dt = %f %f", diff[1], diff[4] ); printf( " z, dz/dt = %f %f", diff[2], diff[5] ); . ...

... Solar System . ... Comets and Asteroids . ... Vision of Vesta: a dark feature with a diameter of approximately 100 kim near the asteroid's equator can be seen in this image from Dawn (Image credit: NASA/JPL-Caltech/UCLA/MPS/DLR/IDA) . Between Mars and Jupiter lies the Asteroid Belt. ... The Dawn space probe is expected to go into orbit around Vesta on 16 July, from there it will return some detailed images and other data, staying at the asteroid for about a year before setting off to visit Ceres. ...

LIPSKIY-RODIONOVA' LUNAR ANTIPODES AS PRECURSORS OF A REGULAR WAVE PLANETOLOGY G.G.Kochemasov IGEM of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia kochem@igem.ru / Fax: (009)(095)230 21 79 The first observations of the lunar far side allowed to compare it with the near side and draw very important conclusions in the very beginning of planetary studies based on spacecrafts. ... Celestial bodies are dichotomic. ... The concept of celestial bodies includes Sun (a star) as one of them. ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... Observing . ... Sky this Month . ... Observing Podcasts . ... Astronomy for Kids . ... Observing springtime deep-sky objects with a large telescope . ... Seasonal Observing . ... How massive must a colliding body be to disturb Earth's orbit? ... Get instant access to subscriber content on Astronomy.com! ... If you are already registered on Astronomy.com, please log in below. ... Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email newsletter...

Tail Probe is one of the satellites of the INTERBALL program. ... Collection of the orbital elements | ... Flight situation analysis during operations scheduling . ... Two stages of the orbital situation analysis are presented: . ... The satellites motion calculation during the flight situation analysis is based on the orbital elements, determined by the Ballistic center at KIAM RAN. The modified (by backward integration) orbital elements are usedduring the aposteriory situation analysis. ...

... The HST uses an onboard model of its orbit to perform in real-time various control functions relating to spacecraft operations and observation support. ... New coefficients for the ephemeris are updated every other day, and are archived as FITS keywords for each HST observation data set. Using these coefficients,an observer can perform a variety of calibration and characterization calculations relating to the orbital position and velocity of the telescope. ...

... There has been a heated public discussion in the past few years about whether our ninth planet is really deserving of the name. Since Pluto orbits a star, and is much less luminous, it certainly satisfies the definition we have above. The problem is actually not with Pluto, but with a very large number of other bodies in our Solar System which also satisfy this definition, but which are not called planets. Perhaps the most notable of these is Ceres, the largest asteroid. ... Planet . ...

... In collaboration with Vacheslav Emel'yanenko (South Ural University, Russia), David Asher and Mark Bailey have continued their research on bodies in the outer part of the solar system, beyond the orbit of Neptune. ... There are dynamical routes through the Centaur region occupied by the outer planets, to the family of Jupiter comets often observed from Earth. Objects of high orbital eccentricity in trans-Neptunian space are found to be a significant source of Jupiter family comets. ...

... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 Connection between apparent and real orbits of a binary system P. Descamps Institut de M'ecanique C'eleste et de Calcul des ' Eph'em'erides, Paris, France In a binary system, each body describes about the other an elliptical apparent orbit which is the projection of the real orbit on the tangential plane. ... 0.5 0.0 0.5 Dacosd (arcsec) ­0.5 0.0 0.5 Dd (arcsec) E N W ­0.5 0.0 0.5 Dacosd (arcsec) ­0.5 0.0 0.5 Dd (arcsec) E N W October 2001 November 2001 Fig. ...

Institute of Applied Astronomy Russian Academy of Sciences Method of Determining the Orbits of the Small Bodies in the Solar System Based on an Exhaustive Search of Orbital Planes Dmitrii Vavilov, Yurii Medvedev Introduction to the problem: Let we have n 3 positional observations of a body: points in time ( = 1, ) , right ascensions , and declinations . ... Determination of the orbit using the Gauss method of determining orbital elements based on two heliocentric positions and points in time. ...

... Visibility of Small Solar-System Bodies . Asteroids) in 2009 : . ... Distance (AU) . ... Jan. 12, 2009 . ... 8.8 m . ... is at opposition on July 4, 2009 . ... Apparent . ... from Sun (AU) . ... is at opposition on September 21, 2009 . ... middle distance between Earth and Sun, equal 149.6 millions km. ... Mean Distance: . ... a configuration of the Sun, Earth and a planet in which the apparent geocentric longitude of the planet differs by 180 from the apparent geocentric longitude of the Sun. ...

... 13 1000000000 2500000000 2000000000 500000000 1500000000 0 -1500000000 -1000000000 -500000000 0 500000000 1000000000 1500000000 1000000000 500000000 -500000000 0 -1500000000 -1000000000 -500000000 -1000000000 -500000000 0 500000000 1000000000 1500000000 -1500000000 -1000000000 2500000000 2000000000 1500000000 1000000000 500000000 0 -2000000000 -1500000000 -1000000000 -500000000 0 500000000 1000000000 -500000000 -1000000000 . ... 2012. ... URL: http://www.asc.rssi.ru/millimetron/millim.htm 8. ...

... Parameters of the Moon-perturbed orbit . ... From orbits consistent with this limitation and with the date of the launch October 1, 2000 as an example, an orbit was selected with apogee directed to the North Galactic pole at the begining and rotation of orbit plane was maximized. The initial state vector is given in the inertial coordinate system in epoch J2000.0. ... The orbit has initial perigee radius Rp=7000.0 km, initial apogee radius Ra=343000.0 km and initial period T=8.453 days. ...

Subject of Astronomy. ... Celestial Sphere. ... Spherical Frames of Reference: Horisontal and Equatorial Coordinates, Ecliptical System. ... Transformation of Celestial Coordinates. ... Change of Object Coordinates as a Result of Diurnal Rotation of Celestial Sphere. Phenomenons, Which Lead to Celestial Coordinates Change. ... Motion of Equator, Ecliptic, and Their Poles. ... Diurnal Solar Motion on Different Latitudes. ... Time Equation. ... Apparent Motions and Configuration of Planets. ...

... Pre-university education . ... Samara region . SSAU History . SSAU roadmap . ... Scientists of Samara University (joined SSAU and SSU) began to develop a unified manoeuvring unit for CubeSat-type nanosatellites for the first time in Russia. ... During one of his latest visits to SSAU he proposed to extend capability of the nanosatellites created in Samara University by making a manoeuvring unit and allocated funding to begin work on this topic. ... Nanosatellites of Samara University . ...