... The science from both these missions contributed to three of the Nobel Prizes ­ Giacconi (2002), Mather, and Smoot (2006) - awarded for NASA-based science. ... We encourage NASA to seek new launch capabilities to fill this strategic gap in moderate lift rockets to enable the Explorer program to continue launching missions with significant science payoff but reduced costs and timescales compared to large strategic missions. ... 18 Appendix B: Explorer Missions 1989-present (From PILMSS) No . ...

... 70 · Winter 2007 www.astrosociety.org/uitc © 2007, Astronomical Society of the Pacific 390 Ashton Avenue, San Francisco, CA 94112 Hubble Observations of Ceres and Pluto: A Closer Look at the "Ugly Ducklings" of the Solar System by Max Mutchler Space Telescope Science Institute Introduction regret that my 4th Grade teacher, Mrs. Hadley, doesn't know that she provided me with the very first astronomy book that I ever read, because it had a profound impact on me. ... Planet count 7 6 7 11 12 13 8 9 9? ...