... The model which is used to describe the energy response of the pn-CCD is the so-called partial event model (see []). ... An efficiency function CCE is defined that reflects the portion of charge collected if a photon is absorbed in a certain depth. This function is folded with the probability of absorption in that depth which is given by the absorption law. ... The detector response matrix is then filled using the partial event model with the parameters derived from the ground calibrations. ...

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• Effective Area, Filter Transmission, Quantum Efficiency and Grating attenuation

The UV throughput of the WFPC2 degrades in a predictable way after each monthly decontamination. ... Figure 6.11 shows the photometric monitoring data for the standard star GRW+70D5824 (a white dwarf classified DA3; B-V = -0.09) in the WF3 and PC1 for the set of filters which are routinely monitored. ... Filter . ... 0.007 . ... Figure 6.12 and Figure 6.13 show the throughput decline in all four chips as a function of days since the last decontamination for the F170W filter. ... Time. ...

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• Flat Field Response
• Time Dependence of UV Response
• System Throughput

... A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect . ... Measuring slightly over one tenth of a millimeter, the ball moves toward a smooth plate in response to energy fluctuations in the vacuum of empty space. ... The form and genesis of dark energy is almost completely unknown, but postulated as related to vacuum fluctuations similar to the Casimir Effect but generated somehow by space itself . ... Publications with keywords: Casimir effect - dark energy . ... Distant Supernova Dark Energy ...

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• Астронет > A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect

... 2015 December 6 . A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect . ... Measuring slightly over one tenth of a millimeter, the ball moves toward a smooth plate in response to energy fluctuations in the vacuum of empty space. ... The form and genesis of dark energy is almost completely unknown, but postulated as related to vacuum fluctuations similar to the Casimir Effect but generated somehow by space itself . ... About APOD | ...

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• APOD: 2004 August 1 - A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect
• APOD: 2010 January 3 - A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect
• APOD: 2006 December 17 - A Force from Empty Space: The Casimir Effect

PixelVision Inc. ... Soft X-ray Imaging Systems . ... Figure 1: Schematic of a Back-Illuminated CCD . ... To complete CCD thinning, the back surface must be specially "treated" or very low and very unstable responsivity will be exhibited. ... Figure 2: Back-illuminated CCD electron hole pair generation rate as a function of depth from back surface . X-ray detection occurs in a CCD when a high-energy primary x-ray dissipates its energy in the silicon of the back-illuminated CCD. ...

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• Response Calibration
• Using a Standard Star
• Custom Error Responses - Apache HTTP Server

Monte Carlo Methods for Including Calibration Uncertainties in Model Fitting Analyses Jeremy J. Drakea , Peter Ratzlaffa , Vinay Kashyapa , Richard Edgara , Rima Izemb , Diab Jeriusa , Herman ... University, Cambridge, MA 02138 MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Cambridge, MA 02139 b c SUMMARY · Instrument response uncertainties almost universally ignored in astrophysical X-ray ... Limiting accuracy of Chandra ACIS reached in spectra with 10 4 counts. ...

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• http://hea-www.harvard.edu/AstroStat/HEAD2008/poster_aconnors.pdf
• The AstroStat Slog response matrix
• The AstroStat Slog Line Response Function

... Next: The PROS Big Up: Software Systems Previous: Data Reduction Software . ... The srcinten task provides PROS users with a tool to compute count rates for point sources in the ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI). ... Corrected upper limits are cited at locations where the count rate falls below the source detection threshold. ... Srcinten is a new PROS task that computes and applies the above correction factors to the net counts in a user-specified aperture. ...

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The night after the John Glenn program, I pitched the terraforming idea to my students. I asked them if they'd like to terraform Mars as a big class project; I wanted to throw the idea to them and see how they would react. Already I had a vision of splitting the class into several groups and having each group take charge of a portion of the project. ... Following my initial idea on how to conduct the project, I split the class into six groups, each student choosing his or her group. ...

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velocity measured in meters per second . ... High speed propeller (vertical) = 42% Clearly, wind power is a highly variable source and hence energy storage is crucial. ... Electricity generated is then .25 KWH per sq. meter . If wind blows 24 hours per day then annual electricity generated would be about 2200 KWH per sq. meter . ... To Generate 10,000 KWH annual then from a 20 mph wind that blows 10% of the time . windmill area = 10,000 KWH/220 KHW per sq. meter = 45 sq meters . ...

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• Nuclear Power I.
• Energy and the Environment: Resources for a Networked World
• Comparative Review of Alternative Energies

IBIS Data Analysis . ... IBIS . ... Flat Fielding - Introduction . The images obtained by IBIS will have intensity variations across the field of view that are not due to the solar image, but rather caused by instrumental effects that alter the observed intensity in each point of the field of view. ... IBIS Flat Fielding Techniques . ... Therefore, it is desirable to obtain the flat field measurements center on a point along the equator near the heliographic center of the solar disk. ...

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• Custom Error Responses - Apache HTTP Server
• mod_cache_socache - Apache HTTP Server
• Response to "Help with CPU scheduler!"

... The collecting area is increased by nesting concentric mirror pairs, all having the same focal length. ... Figure shows the largest optical element being ground at HDOS. ... X-ray testing demonstrated that the CXO mirrors are indeed the largest high-resolution X-ray optics ever made; the nominal effective area (based on the ground calibrations) is shown as a function of energy in the left panel of Figure , along with those of their Einstein and ROSAT predecessors. ...

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• Effect of sources evolution on
• Figures and figure captions
• The Effect of Relativistic Wind on Accretion Flow Parameters

Blackholes2 Forum Message . ... Cahill Links . ... 1. physics/0401047 [abs, ps, pdf, other] : . ... Comments: 11 pages, 3 eps figures. ... 2. physics/0312082 [abs, ps, pdf, other] : . ... 3. physics/0309016 [abs, ps, pdf, other] : . ... 4. physics/0307003 [abs, ps, pdf, other] : . ... 5. physics/0306196 [abs, ps, pdf, other] : . ... www.astronomy.net . ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

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• Vacuum Energy Mediated By Supersymmetry - an Astronomy Net Bigbang Forum...
• A Field Does Not Contain Energy? - an Astronomy Net Blackholes2 Forum Message
• Does Gravity Propagate Like EM Waves? - an Astronomy Net Gravity Forum Message

... Bojan Nikolic web pages (r. 329) . ... Using high-resolution three-dimensional realisations of turbulent fields, we investigate the limits on achievable performance of atmospheric phase correction using water-vapour radiometers arising from following effects: the incoherent measurement of power from water by the radiometers (in contrast to coherent detection of the astronomical signal); the different tapers of the response patterns of the astronomical and radiometer receivers; and, the ...

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The 25th International Symposium on Space Terahertz Technology , 27 ­ 30 April 2014, Moscow, Russia Power Load Dependencies of Cold Electron Bolometer Optical Response at 350 GHz Mikhail A. Tarasov , Valerian S. Edelman , Andrey B. Ermakov , Sumedh H. Mahashabde , and Leonid S. Kuzmin . ... At high power load levels and low temperatures the changes of tunneling current, dynamic resistance and voltage response have been explained by non -thermal energy distribution of excited electrons. ...

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• SYNCHRONIZATION OF DRIVE-RESPONSE SYSTEMS ON CONDITION OF A LARGE MISMATCH OF

... Armagh Observatory, College Hill, Armagh BT61 9DG, +44 (0)28 3752 2928 . ... First three columns show base-difference images of the evolution of the wave in 3 EUV channels (211 , 193 , 171 ) of AIA in which the wave is clearly visible. ... From our study we have quantitatively confirmed previous results that during wave passage the plasma visible in the Atmospheric Imaging Assembly (AIA) 171 channel is getting heated to higher temperatures corresponding to AIA 193 and 211 channels. ...

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• Abstract
• Index of /highlights/2012/603/bp_mag/region_no_xray_response
• Index of /~zhu/bp_mag/region_no_xray_response

... Allows webmasters to configure the response of Apache to some error or problem. Customizable responses can be defined to be activated in the event of a server detected error or problem. e.g. if a script crashes and produces a "500 Server Error" response, then this response can be replaced with either some friendlier text or by a redirection to another URL (local or external). ... New behavior . ... redirect to a local URL, or . ... Each new variable will have the prefix REDIRECT_ . ...

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• Apache module mod_headers
• Apache module mod_expires

... The BM effect causes low-luminosity blazars (particularly BL Lacs) to be missed in surveys because the apparent luminosity of the non-thermal nuclear source does not exceed that of the host galaxy by a large factor. ... Browne (1995). ... In addition to these objects, a large fraction of the newly-identified BL Lacs in our sample (10 of 22; see Table 5) have been so classified only by virtue of our usage of the expanded March? et al. (1996) definition of the BL Lac class. ... 1996). ...

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• ESO - The response curve leaves residual instrument features in my science.
• ESO - Response to USD User Satisfaction Survey
• ESO - Response to User Poll

... In 1980 Trunin graduated from Physics department of University in Gorky. Since that time he works in the Laboratory of Electron Kinetics at the Institute of Solid State Physics Russian Academy of Sciences (Chernogolovka, Moscow distr.) ... Since 2002 Trunin was Deputy Head of Solid State Physics Department of MIPT , since 2007 he i s Dean of the General and Applied Physics Department of MIPT . ... Institute of Solid State Physics, RAS . ... trunin@issp.ac.ru . ... LEK home page | ...

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• Spectroscopy of Semiconductors and Dielectrics
• Interacting Electrons in Normal Metals
• Homepage of Denis Bulaev - Talks

... The high energy particles (mainly protons and alpha particles) found in the interplanetary space constitute what is called cosmic rays. ... galactic cosmic rays (GCR) originating far outside our solar system . ... anomalous cosmic rays" (ACR) originating from the interstellar space beyond the heliopause . ... The anomalous cosmic rays are most likely produced by neutral atoms in the interstellar space, which . ... The anomalous cosmic rays differ from others by their composition. ...

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• Space Weather
• EMIC waves [Oulu]
• "Exploration" as a Classroom Resource

... In brief: the frequency-dependent radiative transfer equation is solved for a dust under assumption of spherically-symmetric geometry for its distribution taking into account particle size distribution and quantum heating effects for the very small dust particles. ... Table: Model parameters for IRAS04296+3429. ... parameter . ... hot dust shell) . ... The best fit to the spectral energy distribution of IRAS04296 is shown by heavy solid line (see Table2 for details concerning parameters of the model...

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• The Bridge World Standard
• Vitaly Goranskij, SAI/Moscow Univ.