... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

The trapping of particles by magnetic fields was first studied by Kristian Birkeland in Norway, starting around 1895. ... Poincare managed to solve the motion of charged particles near an isolated magnetic pole, showing that they spiraled around field lines and that they were repelled from regions of strong field. ... A more realistic problem, of more interest to Birkeland, was particle motion near a compact bar magnet or "dipole", which better approximated the field of the Earth or of his terrella. ...

... The spacecraft of Magion type have been selected as the subsatellites of the Interball project: Magion-4 (C2-X) for the Tail Probe and Magion-5 (C2-A) for the Auroral Probe. ... Magion-4 was produced in the Czech Republic in collaboratrion with Russia, Ukraine, Hungary, Austria and has onboard scientific instruments and sensors designed and built in Czech Republic, Russia, Poland, Hungary, Romania, Bulgaria and Slovak Republic. ... Plasma flow detector VDP-S (Czech Republic, Russia) . ...

The space between the planets is far from empty. It contains: electromagnetic radiation (photons); hot plasma (electrons, protons and other ions) a.k.a. the solar wind ; cosmic rays; microscopic dust particles; and magnetic fields (primarily the Sun's). While the Sun 's radiation is obvious, the other components of the interplanetary medium were not discovered until very recently. ... Except near some of the planets, interplanetary space is filled with the Sun's magnetic field. ... Sun .. ...

Next: Background Definition Up: Echelle Spectra Previous: Order Definition . ... Their removal is a rather delicate step, because in high-contrast images (such as well-exposed echelle spectra) there is always a danger of damaging the scientific contents of the frame. Particle hits can be removed from scientific exposures by splitting the exposure and comparing spectra of the same target obtained under the same instrumental configuration. ... Note that the background has been subtracted already. ...

Next: Extinction efficiencies: general behaviour Up: Optical properties of cosmic Previous: Optical properties of cosmic . It is now evident that observed interstellar extinction cannot be explain using particles of only one kind. ... The intensity of radiation after passing a dust cloud is equal to . ... The interstellar extinction is . ... Next: Extinction efficiencies: general behaviour Up: Optical properties of cosmic Previous: Optical properties of cosmic root 2003-04-09 ...

ION AND ELECTRON ENERGY DETECTOR PAN-2 . ... The energy and angular distributions of charged particles can bring further information on the nature and spatial scales of magnetospheres processes. ... It permits the fast measurements of energy and angular parameters of charged particles in the range 40eV-40keV. ... The sensor unit is an electron electrostatic, axially symmetrical, toroidal analyzer. ... The energy range for both types of charged particles must stepped according to the logarithmic scale. ...

Lunar Orbiter 1 . ... The Lunar Orbiter 1 spacecraft was designed primarily to photograph smooth areas of the lunar surface for selection and verification of safe landing sites for the Surveyor and Apollo missions. ... The spacecraft was placed in a cislunar trajectory and injected into an elliptical lunar orbit for data acquisition. ... An 80-millimeter lens system was used to obtain Medium-Resolution (MR) photos, and a 610-millimeter lens system was used for High-Resolution (HR) photos. ...

... Particle Sizes in Saturns Rings . ... Credit: RSS , JPL , ESA , NASA Explanation: What size particles compose Saturn's rings? To help find out, the robot Cassini spacecraft now orbiting Saturn broadcast radio waves of three different wavelengths right through the rings to Earth earlier this month. The experiment was sensitive to ring particle sizes because ring particles much larger than a broadcast radio wavelength will reflect those radio waves away. ... NASA Official: Jay Norris. ...

. Cassini sheds light on cosmic particle accelerators . The spacecraft currently studying Saturn detected a significant acceleration of electrons in a quasi-parallel shock. Learn more ТЛ . ESA

. Language [RU/EN] Search: . Home . UP . Research . Projects . Services . Info . News . Events . Personal . Archive . Ionosphere and radiowave propagation: structure . The main page . Information . Publications: . 2011 - 2015 . 2009 - 2010 . 2007 - 2008 . 2005 - 2006 . 2000 - 2004 . 1995 - 1999 . Participation in International symposiums and conferences: . 2013 - 2015 . 2011 - 2012 . 2009 - 2010 . 2007 - 2008 . 2005 - 2006 . 2002 - 2004 . N.V. Pushkov . 09/04/2016 23:52 MSK . webmaster@izmiran.ru .

GRANAT is the Russian x-ray sattelite launched to the high apogee orbit (200,000 km) and operated almost for 10 years (1989 -1999) , carrying out four major instruments: French SIGMA coded-mask hard x-ray telescope (30-1000 keV), Soviet ART-P coded-mask telescope (2??-60?? keV), all-sky monitor WATCH (6-150 keV), and a gamma-burst detector PHEBUS . ... Since September 1994, GRANAT is in the survey mode. ... Explore pages devoted to individual GRANAT instruments (including main scientific results): . ...

... Space Flight . ... It took an accidental dose of cosmic rays to make them fantastic.( ... Air showers ensuing from very-high-energy cosmic rays which can enter EarthтАЩs atmosphere from multiple directions.( ... The latest cosmic ray research:composite sky catalogue using 2 years of Fermi Gamma-ray Space Telescope data.Depicting 1873 objects in total, the brightest patches represent sources with the highest gamma-ray count (at energies greater than 1 billion GeV or electron volts).( ... Astronotes ....

... MIPT Solid State Physics Department . ... Interacting Electrons in Normal Metals . ... The course is an introduction to interacting Fermi-particle physics and intended for future experimentalists. ... Hartree-Fock approximation. ... Linear reaction function. Calculation of density-density reaction function. Relation of density-density reaction function to compressibility of Fermi liquid and thermodynamic state density. ... Density-density reaction function of free Fermi gas in long-wave limit. ...

... This paper describes the main algorithms used by the Einstein Level One processing to create the exposure masks and the background maps for Einstein IPC images, and how these algorithms were recreated in the IRAF environment. Our goal was to recreate the algorithms used by the Level One Processing to create exposure masks and background maps for Einstein Image Proportional Counter (IPC) data (cf. sections 2.5 and 2.7 of Harnden et al. ...

... Use of interstellar and interplanetary scintillation as a tool for obtaining high angular resolution and as a probe of the plasma. Mapping of major interplanetary disturbances and their relation to shock accelerated particles and geomagnetic activity using observations with the 3.6 hectare array. ... Department address: . ... Battcock Centre for Experimental Astrophysics, . Cavendish Laboratory, . ... Cambridge CB3 0HE. Telephone: (+44) (0)1223 766763 . ... Cambridge CB3 0DS. ...

... The FOC suffers from various types of background, the most important of which are thermal electrons, Cerenkov radiation from high energy particles, geocoronal emission lines, zodiacal light, and light scattered within HST from the bright Earth or Moon. ... From on-orbit measurements using the f /96 camera, the former background has been found to vary with solar zenith distance (ZD); see Sections 6.4, 6.5, and 7.0 of the FOC Instrument Handbook , version 7.0, for more details. ...

NATIONAL ASTRONOMY AND IONOSPHERE CENTER . ... Astronomy . ... Visitor Center . ... Kick-Off Ceremony of the Arecibo Observatory 50th Anniversary . ... Visit to AO of Hon. ... A group of Nuclear and Particle Physicists that are in Puerto Rico participating in their Winter Workshop on Nuclear Dynamics visited the Arecibo Observatory on April 12, 2012. ...

... Samara State Aerospace University Staff Semkin Nikolay Danilovich . ... Semkin N.D. , Voronov K.E. , Telegin A.M. and others. ... 2015. ... Semkin N.D. , Telegin A.M. , Piyakov A. V. and others. ... Semkin N.D. , Telegin A.M. , Voronov K.E. Registering the Elemental Composition of Micrometeoroids and Debris // Protection of Materials and Structures From the Space Environment. 2013. ... Semkin N.D. , Telegin A.M. , Voronov K.E. and others. ... Voronov K.E. , Semkin N.D. , Telegin A.M. and others. ...

... The forces of the mobile are calculated using a grid scheme. ... The initial parameters are coded in the file names: The number after Speed is the pattern speed of the initial quadrupole field and frac is the fraction of disk particles . [agris@mizar ~/ Mar ]# ll ~/public_html/Larry/ 6033838 Mar 2 10:14 Speed -0.08- frac -0.0g.ps 6035344 Mar 2 10:14 Speed -0.08- frac -0.1g.ps 6040839 Mar 2 10:14 Speed -0.16- frac -0.0g.ps 8778756 Mar 2 10:14 ...