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The seminar is supported by the grant of Federal Programm "Integration" . annotation of talk . Karnaukhov A.V. (ICB RAS) . Greenhouse catastrophe. ... An analysis of a casual-consecutive model of processes determining the greenhouse catastrophe development is presented. The whole geobiophysical system is considered, which includes atmosphere, hydrosphere, litosphere, biosphere, and noosphere. ... Some possible measures to low the rate of the greenhouse catastrophe are considered. ...

The ion rocket is another means of providing thrust, more gradually but also more efficiently than a conventional rocket. ... As in the nuclear rocket, the energy which propels the xenon jet comes from a different source; here it is electrical energy from solar cells. The reason an ion rocket is much more efficient than ordinary rockets is the way its jet is produced. ... As with solar sails, solar ion engines are mainly practical in the inner solar system, where ample sunlight is available. ...

Next: Antenna gain considerations and Up: Some theory Previous: Some theory . To provide correct flux density units for the visibilities, , from an interferometer, the measured correlation coefficient at the correlator ( ) needs to be scaled by a system temperature and a telescope sensitivity factor ( ). ... For a zenith opacity , observing at an elevation of , and if the atmosphere is approximated as having a uniform temperature , then the atmospheric contribution to system temperature is . ...

... A molecular cloud in the interstellar medium may be considered as spherical and of uniform density and fixed temperature as it undergoes expansion or contraction. Assume the opacity of material in the molecular cloud has a value . ... How will this affect cloud fragmentation? (e) In the stages of collapse of a gas cloud before it becomes optically thick, its temperature is determined by the balance between compressional heating and radiation of energy from the cloud. ...

... Posts tagged ?ion balance? ... Spectral lines are a ubiquitous feature of astronomical data. This week, we explore the special case of optically thin emission from low-density and high-temperature plasma, and consider the component factors that determine the line intensity. Continue reading ?Line Emission [EotW]? Tags: abundance , emission , emission measure , emissivity , EotW , Equation , Equation of the Week , flux , ion balance , line . ... vlk on [MADS] Parallel Coordinates . ...

... Orbits in Space . ... The ion rocket is another means of providing thrust, more gradually but also more efficiently than a conventional rocket. ... As in the nuclear rocket, the energy which propels the xenon jet comes from a different source; here it is electrical energy from solar cells. ... The XIPS ("zips") ion engine developed by the Hughes corporation was tested in the laboratory and then aboard a Russian spacecraft, launched 6 October 1997; it is the one shown on top of this page. ...

... This matter may absorb the radiation from the source, scatter it or in fact emit fur ther radiation. ... For the case of a homogeneous cloud with a constant source function and optical depth with initial incident intensity , the emergent intensity is This makes a lot of sense: the emergent radiation is the sum of the incident intensity attenuated by the total optical depth plus the sum of each section of cloud emission attenuated by the optical ...

Calculation of Atmospheric Emission Measured by Gregorian Feed Horns Paul F. Goldsmith September 16, 2001 As we use higher frequencies, emission from the Earth's atmosphere becomes more sig- ni cant. ... To use this program, you input the altitude, temperature, and precipitable water vapor (pwv) in mm. ... I have run the ATM code for several values of pwv with plausible temperature, and generated the zenith sky temperature as a function of frequency between 1 and 15 GHz. ...

The database contains references to the papers, data files and links to the Internet resources related to measurements and calculations of the optical constants in the wavelength interval from X-rays to radio domain. ... References to some useful books and reviews on the subject (e.g. the classical handbooks edited by E.D.Palik) and links to Internet collections of optical constants and personal WWW pages with related software were also placed in the database. You have arrived at our welcome page. ...

... The analysis shows, that asteroid ­ rubble pile loses its fast fragments in no time but the retaining fragments forms a compact structure immersed in dust ­ gas atmosphere, created by interaction of interplanetary medium with dispersed product of collisional evolution of asteroid. By interaction of an asteroid ­ rubble pile with interplanetary medium structures asteroid can increase its brightness on account of blowed up dust simulating phenomenon of distant comet's brightening. ...

Next: Pulsations Up: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS Previous: PHYSICAL CHARACTERISTICS . The fundamental properties of RCBs may be deduced from their spectra at maximum light. ... The properties of a stellar atmosphere may be measured from both the large-scale features - the broad-band flux distribution - and the detailed spectrum of absorption lines. ... They show that, in general, hydrogen makes up less than one part per thousand down to less than one part per million of the stellar atmosphere. ...

Cold-Electron Bolometer Arrays for THz Detection Leonid S. Kuzmin b , Mikhail A. Tarasovc,d, , Sumedh H. Mahashabdea, and Valerian S.Edelmane, Chalmers University of Technology ... Electronics, Moscow, Russia c P.Kapitza Institute for Physical Problems, Moscow, Russia a a,b,c Abstract-- Various concepts of Cold-Electron Bolometer (CEB) Arrays are considered for THz detection from 300 GHz to 7 THz ... Optical response to THz radiation is 300 µV for 2.7/0.3 K temperature difference. ...

... Thermalconductivity of single crystal Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6 (Tl-2201) in Applied magnetic fields. Abstract: . We report the dependence of the thermal conductivity k(H,T) of single crystal Tl-2201 samples on both magnetic field and temperature. The sample have a superconducting phase transition temperature Tc=86K. We develop a two component method to analyze the magnetic field dependence of thermal conductivity. ...

Below are a description of, and links to, the Kurucz (1992) model atmospheres. There are 1100 ASCII files, each containing the fluxes of a Kurucz (1992) LTE model atmosphere. ... The table below gives the available log g values (x 10) and effective temperatures. All models are available for twice solar (p03), solar (p00), quarter solar (m06), and tenth solar metallicity (m10). ... You can find individual files available for FTP on ftp.stsci.edu/science/starburst/Kurucz. ... Solar metallicity . ...

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Russian SHAREABLE DATA CENTER Institute of Solar-Terrestial Physics SB RAS . ... Although their determination is based on the scattering process model, independent check-ups by rocket experiments have shown their correctness in experimental applications. ... Ionospheric data analysis, especially during strong disturbances, cannot be without some other kinds of diagnostic tools. ... The lack of data has always been a challange in this case. ...

Astronomy Picture of the Day . A Twisted Meteor Trail Over Tenerife . ... 2.06.2010 . ... Credit: Juergen Rendtel ( AIP Potsdam ), IMO Explanation: Did this meteor take a twisting path? ... Meteors, usually sand sized grains that originate in comets, will typically disintegrate as they enter the Earth's atmosphere . A fast moving meteor ionizes molecules in the Earth's atmosphere that subsequently glow when they reacquire electrons . ... June 2010 . ... Publications with keywords: meteor . ...

... In the first page of this chapter, Eddington computes an effective temperature of 3.18 K, but this has nothing to do with the 2.725 K blackbody spectrum of the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) . Here is a quote of what Eddington actually said: . ... We shall first calculate the energy density of this radiation. ... It is clear that Eddington's model fits the optical data, but that Eddington did not anticipate either the CMB (red curve) or the interstellar dust (ISD, green curve). ...