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The idea that the inner radiation belt came from neutrons splashed out of the atmosphere was independently proposed at the end of 1958, the year in which the belt was discovered, by three investigators--S. Fred Singer (U. of Maryland), Paul Kellogg (U. of Minnesota) and S.N. Vernov (USSR). ... Like surfers riding a wave, trapped electrons and ions rode this shock and within a minute or so created a new radiation belt just outside the inner belt (picture below). ...

. Next: Coherence in the radio Up: Radiation processes and geometry Previous: Synchrotron radiation . љ . Accelerated charged particles radiate . Particles constrained to move along field . Curved field lines result in radiation . Precisely which of the above mechanisms really contributes is as yet unclear! . Jon Bell . Thu Dec 19 15:15:11 GMT 1996

... Files in red?history) . ... Belts . ... 12a. Inner Belt . ... The artificial radiation belts from the Argus experiment were located in the "slot" between the two belts and their lifetimes of a few weeks underscored the temporary nature of trapping there (especially for electrons produced just above the atmosphere). ... Like surfers riding a wave, trapped electrons and ions rode this shock and within a minute or so created a new radiation belt just outside the inner belt (picture below). ...

We present the DIRTY (DustI Radiative Transfer, Yeah!) radiative transfer model in this paper and a companion paper. This model computes the polarized radiative transfer of photons from arbitrary distributions of stars through arbitrary distributions of dust using Monte Carlo techniques. ... We present a simple method for computing an upper limit on the output quantity uncertainties for Monte Carlo radiative transfer models that use the weighted photon approach. ... ADS Citation Query . ...

... Radiation mechanisms of astrophysical objects: classics today . ... Studies of radiation mechanisms and processes of spectra formation in astrophysical objects are among the fundamental tasks of modern astrophysics. ... On this occasion the Saint-Petersburg State University organizes an international conference Radiation mechanisms of astrophysical objects: classics today , which will be held in St. Petersburg from September, 21 to September, 25, 2015. ... Scientific rationale . ... Conference venue...

... Bojan Nikolic web pages (r. 329) . Understanding Infrared emission from galaxies . This page contains a description and links for download of software that may be used for modelling various aspect of absorption and emission of radiation by interstellar dust. ... Also, some basic modelling of radiation fields and similar supporting code . ... dust-1.0.1 . ... Modelling absorption and emission of radiation by interstellar dust . ... Copyright 2005 -- 2016, Bojan Nikolic feedback welcome ...

... Solar flare activity is produced by the processes of accumulation and release of energy in an active region. ... In the framework of study of solar active regions, producing powerful flares the researchers from the RATAN-600 radio telescope have detected sources with features in the form of a sharp drop in the intensity of polarized radiation in various parts of the recorded frequency range (2-16GHz), sometimes changing the sign of polarization. ...

... Archives . ... Like spherical cows , true blackbodies do not exist. ... black here simply refers to the property of the object where no wavelength is preferentially absorbed or emitted, and all the energy input to it is converted into radiation. ... The blackbody spectrum is . B_{\nu}(T) = \frac{2 h \nu^3}{c^2} \frac{1}{e^{h \nu / k_B T} ? ... The general shape of a blackbody spectrum is like a rising parabola at low ? ... Comment ( RSS ) | ... Chandra Blog . ... Entries (RSS) and Comments (RSS) . ...

The Cosmic InfraRed Background (CIRB) is the radiation from stars in many faint galaxies. ... The near-infrared (wavelengths near 2-3 microns) and optical (wavelengths near 500 nm) part of this extragalactic background light is just starlight redshifted into the infrared. But some starlight is absorbed by dust and re-emitted in the far-infrared (wavelengths near 100 microns). ... The CMB is by far the largest of these radiation fields, with a total intensity of 996 nW/m 2 /sr. ... Part 2 | ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . ... Post . ... Radiation Ball As A Black Hole . ... Post Message | ... A structure of the radiation-ball which is identified as a Schwarzschild black hole is found out by investigating the backreaction of Hawking radiation into space-time. ... The Hawking radiation is regarded as a leak-out from the ball. ... www.astronomy.net . ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

Subject, Problems and Objects of Theoretical Astrophysics. ... Stellar Photospheres, Their Features. ... Physics of Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres. ... Continuous Radiation Absorption in Stellar Photospheres of Various Spectral Classes. Solar Type Photospheres. ... Characterisics of Absorption Lines. ... Interstellar Absorption Lines, Their Features. ... Physical and Dynamic Features of Interstellar Medium, Which Follows from Observations of Interstellar Absorption Lines. ...

H I Self-Absorption (HISA) arises from cold H I gas in front of warmer H I emission at the same velocity. HISA is thus a unique probe of the velocity and temperature structure of the Galactic ISM, from sub-parsec scales within clouds up to multi-kiloparsec scales across the disk. ... To address this question, a series of simple H I radiative transfer models of the Galaxy will be presented. ...

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... Звезды: их строение, жизнь и смерть . ... Идея лучистого переноса энергии состоит в том, что фотоны излучаются в более горячих областях звезды и поглощаются в более холодных, перенося таким образом энергию. Эффективность такого переноса, среди всего прочего, зависит от градиента температуры и от способности фотонов свободно путешествовать от одной области звезды до другой. ... Если обозначить плотность фотонов как n , то поток излучения будет даваться формулой . ... Звезды . ...

... Идея лучистого переноса энергии состоит в том, что фотоны излучаются в более горячих областях звезды и поглощаются в более холодных, перенося таким образом энергию. Эффективность такого переноса, среди всего прочего, зависит от градиента температуры и от способности фотонов свободно путешествовать от одной области звезды до другой. ... Можно заменить время жизни фотона на длину свободного пробега, деленную на скорость, и получить в более привычном виде . ...

... Research objects and scientific purposes . Space scientific program includes development and launch of two supersmall spacecrafts "Universitetskiy" and "Kompas-2" intended for monitoring of radiation conditions near the Earth. ... All the studies conducted in the near-Earth space are characterised by strong radiation fields. ... The circular polar orbits, which cover all the near-Earth space, are the most favorable for comprehensive studies of the radiation conditions near the Earth. ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... The Magazine . News . Observing . ... Community . ... Gravitational wave search provides insights into galaxy evolution and mergers . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... Open cluster NGC 2818, spiral galaxy NGC 2964, and spiral galaxy NGC 2976 . ... Astronomy for Kids . ... radiation . ... Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email newsletter. ... Astronomy Magazine . ...

The CHIANTI database consists of 4 primary ASCII files for each ion in the database. contains the energy levels in cm^(-1) It includes both experimental data and theoretical values of the levels energies. ... For consistency with Griffin et al 2000, who adapted their atomic structure calculation to a set of observed energies identical to the NIST one, we use the NIST v.2 level ordering. %produced as part of the Arcetri/Cambridge/NRL 'CHIANTI' atomic data base collaboration % % E.Landi - Nov 2004 . ...