ChangeLog for omgrism =============================== Version 1.1.30 - 2005-07-14 (VNY) (+src/omgextraction_mod.f90) A bug in the Marquardt optimisation code is fixed. ... Version 1.1.24 - 2005-05-23 (CB1) +(src/omgextraction_mod.f90 Ammended routine to fix build problem. Version 1.1.23 - 2005-02-22 (VNY) +(src/omgextraction_mod.f90): the negative counts that could appear when subtracting the background from a faint spectrum are taken into account. ...

Next: Creation of Sky Up: Additional Processing Previous: Additional Processing . The flat field calibration frame may not have the same illumination pattern as the observations of the sky. In this case when the field field correction is applied to the sky data, instead of being flat there will be gradients in the background. ... Like the flat field frames, the illumination correction frames may be data set dependent and hence there should be an illumination frame for each data set. ...

Next: *imcalc* - Obtain a Up: Calibration Previous: Exposure Map . Background maps are provided by the standard processing for all ROSAT and Einstein instruments. For the PSPC and IPC these are in three standard bands: soft, hard, and broad (Table 6.2). ... N.B.: ROSAT PSPC background maps in SASS 5-6 or higher are generated by smoothing a source-subtracted, exposure corrected image (see the ROSAT Data Products Guide). ... imcalc* - Obtain a background subtracted image for ROSAT PSPC Data . ...

Next: Imaging Polarimetry with NICMOS Up: NICMOS Data Calibration and Previous: The Photometric Performance of . ... NICMOSlook and Calnic C . ... Extracting spectra from a large number of NICMOS grism images requires a convenient interactive tool which allows a user to manipulate direct/grism image pairs. ... NICMOSlook and Calnic-C are two programs that were designed to take advantage of the fact that the NICMOS grism mode typically consists of taking both a direct and a grism image. ...

... GPI Data Pipeline 1.0 documentation . ... Thermal/Sky Backgrounds . ... Using Thermal/Sky Backgrounds in GPI Data Reduction: . Creating Calibrations: . ... Thermal emission (from sky or telescope) becomes an important background source for wavelengths longer than 2 microns. ... The pipeline treats thermal/sky backgrounds similar to dark frames and is designed to subtract a thermal/sky background, scaled to the integration time of the science image, from K-band observations. ...

Next: Extragalactic Gravitational Wave Background Previous: Transparency of the Stochastic . Let the sky be observed with a detector having a pencil beam diagram across. The number of stars per frequency decade that is swept by the detector is a function of celestial coordinates (say, galactic coordinates l , b ): . ... It is clear from the figure that for an all-sky detector the Galaxy becomes transparent above the frequency  Hz. ...

The FITS "World Coordinate System" (WCS) standard defines keywords and usage that provide for the description of astronomical coordinate systems in a FITS image header. ... I: "Representations of world coordinates in FITS" , Greisen, E.W. & Calabretta, M.R. (2002), Astronomy & Astrophysics , 395 , 1061-1075. ... This diagram illustrating Bonne's projection with conformal latitude +35 was produced by WCSLIB , a C implementation of the coordinate transformations defined in the FITS WCS papers. ...

... Tonight's Sky . ... The Magazine . ... Observing . ... Magazine . ... Gravitational wave search provides insights into galaxy evolution and mergers . ... The double star 54 Leonis, spiral galaxy NGC 3198, and emission nebula NGC 3199 . ... Open cluster NGC 2818, spiral galaxy NGC 2964, and spiral galaxy NGC 2976 . ... Astronomy for Kids . ... Cosmic Adventures . ... cosmic microwave background . ... Receive news, sky-event information, observing tips, and more from Astronomy's weekly email...

Astrophysics Space Missions . ... Space Physics Missions . Data Centers . ... Lectures in Space Science . ... Compton Gamma Ray Observatory (GRO) . ... University of Arizona , Theoretical Astrophysics Program Return to the top of this document . ... JHU/APL AMPTE/CCE Space Science Data Center . ... National Space Science Data Center (NSSDC) . ... Astrophysics Data Facility (ADF) at NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center . ... Center for Atmospheric and Space Sciences/Utah State University (CASS/USU) . ...

Next: Summary Report Up: Phenology Garden Previous: Phenology Garden Contents . ... The creation of a phenology garden in Armagh, a project still in its infancy, is part of this effort. ... There is a need for such gardens to be close to meteorological stations having long time series of observations for calibration purposes, one of the Armagh Observatory's strengths in the environmental field. ... Armagh. ...

Stationary Shock Waves. ... Influence of Medium Ionization on Shock Wave Propagation. Shock Waves with Decays. ... Results of Classic Theory of Radiation of the Electron Moving in Ion Field. ... Classification and Physical Features of Galaxies. X-Radiation of Coronae of Elliptical Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies. ... Methods of Obtaining of Information about Physical Conditions and Components of Interstellar Medium. ... Ionization Fronts and Shock Waves in the Interstellar Medium. ...

... This paper describes the main algorithms used by the Einstein Level One processing to create the exposure masks and the background maps for Einstein IPC images, and how these algorithms were recreated in the IRAF environment. Our goal was to recreate the algorithms used by the Level One Processing to create exposure masks and background maps for Einstein Image Proportional Counter (IPC) data (cf. sections 2.5 and 2.7 of Harnden et al. ...

Starting Apache on Windows . Starting Apache on Unix . ... If the Port specified in the configuration file is the default of 80 (or any other port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in order to start Apache, so that it can bind to this privileged port. ... As an alternative to invoking the httpd binary directly, a shell script called apachectl is provided which can be used to control the daemon process with simple commands such as apachectl start and apachectl stop . ...

. Aristarchus was extremely clever and also figured out a way to determine the ratio of distances between the earth and the moon and the earth and the sun. While wrong, at least he reasoned that the sun was much farther from the earth than the moon. Just Try and Follow this! . Summary of Greek Science .

... The "GALFA Consortium" is a group of individuals interested in galactic astronomy programs using the Arecibo L-Band Focal Plane Array (ALFA) and who are committed to coordinating efforts to the extent possible in order to maximize science return and program efficiency. ... The GALFA "Coordinating Committee" consists of representatives of GALFA Consortium projects that have been granted telescope time or those in the development stage that have been endorsed by the GALFA Consortium. ...

lsst.coordConv љ unknown . ... Classes . ... coordConv::OtherCoordSys Class Reference . ... OtherCoordSys (std::string const &name, double date=0, DateTypeEnum dateType= DateType_None , bool isMean =false) . ... virtual Coord љ . ... CoordSys (std::string const &name, double date, DateTypeEnum dateType, bool isMean , bool canConvert ) . ... convertFrom ( CoordSys const &fromCoordSys, Coord const &fromCoord, Site const &site, double tai=0) const . ... virtual Coord coordConv::OtherCoordSys::removePM . ...

... Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2 . ... How Apache Starts . ... If the Listen specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged port. ... The recommended method of invoking the httpd executable is to use the apachectl control script. ... Trying to start the server when there is another instance of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same Port....

... Another significant contribution to the crystal energy of metals is the electron-ion interaction or the electron bandstructure energy (E BS ) which is defined by the interaction of valence electrons and the Brillouin zone (BZ) planes. ... The program BRIZ has been developed for 3D visualization of Brillouin zone configurations and intersections of BZ planes with a Fermi sphere[4]. ... 1.75 (electrons/atom). ... 4] Degtyareva V.F., Smirnova I.S.: BRIZ: a vizualization program for Brillouin zone ? ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2013 March 25 . Planck Maps the Microwave Background . ... Visible in all directions, this cosmic microwave background is a complex tapestry that could only show the hot and cold patterns observed were the universe to be composed of specific types of energy that evolved in specific ways. ... About APOD | ... A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC . ...

... To help find out, ESA launched the Planck satellite to map, in unprecedented detail, slight temperature differences on the oldest surface known -- the background sky left billions of years ago when our universe first became transparent to light. Visible in all directions, this cosmic microwave background is a complex tapestry that could only show the hot and cold patterns observed were the universe to be composed of specific types of energy that evolved in specific ways. ... The Universe Nearby . ...