Next: Bivariate polynomial interpolation Up: Echelle Spectra Previous: Removal of particle . The estimation of the background is one of the critical points in the reduction of echelle spectra for two reasons. ... diffuse light in the interorder space coming from adjacent orders. sky background spectrum . ... These locations are defined when performing the order definition (command DEFINE/ECHELLE or DEFINE/HOUGH ) and can be displayed by command LOAD/ECHELLE . ... Sky background definition . ...

ChangeLog for omlcbuild =============================== Version 1.15.9 - 2002-10-29 ( VNY ) (+ /scr/ omlcbuild_mod.f90 ) Protection against the absence of the COINCLOSS_CORR column is introduced (SPR-3007) Version 1.15.9 - 2002-10-25 ( VNY ) (+ / src / omlcbuild_mod.f90 ) Corrected a bug, which was introduced at the end of September and which resulted in the impossibility to find the CORR_RATE_ERR column in the source list file (SSC-SPR-3004) ... Count rate error estimation has been improved. ...

... Effects on signal to noise ratio! ... The Advanced Camera for Surveys (ACS) team at STScI has (Anderson & Bedin, 2010) that corrects for losses in charge how this algorithm changes the characteristics of the signal to eliminate unknown variables we use simulated images where explore a parameter space that includes background, object brightness, and position on the chip. ... Left shows an image with no CTE losses. ... Right is an image which has been corrected for CTE losses (FLC). ... PHOTOMETRY! ...

... Next: The PROS Big Up: Software Systems Previous: Data Reduction Software . ... The srcinten task provides PROS users with a tool to compute count rates for point sources in the ROSAT High Resolution Imager (HRI). ... Corrected upper limits are cited at locations where the count rate falls below the source detection threshold. ... Srcinten is a new PROS task that computes and applies the above correction factors to the net counts in a user-specified aperture. ...

Next: *imcalc* - Obtain a Up: Calibration Previous: Exposure Map . Background maps are provided by the standard processing for all ROSAT and Einstein instruments. For the PSPC and IPC these are in three standard bands: soft, hard, and broad (Table 6.2). ... N.B.: ROSAT PSPC background maps in SASS 5-6 or higher are generated by smoothing a source-subtracted, exposure corrected image (see the ROSAT Data Products Guide). ... imcalc* - Obtain a background subtracted image for ROSAT PSPC Data . ...

... Apache HTTP Server Version 2.2 . ... How Apache Starts . ... If the Listen specified in the configuration file is default of 80 (or any other port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in order to start apache, so that it can bind to this privileged port. ... The recommended method of invoking the httpd executable is to use the apachectl control script. ... Trying to start the server when there is another instance of Apache or some other web server already bound to the same Port....

... Step 1: The magnetic field line tracing from the satellite position up to magnetic equatorial plane using IGRF magnetic field model. Step 2: Tracing back from the point (produced on the Step 1) to the Ionosphere (by using only dipole magnetic field) . ... The magnetic field line tracing from the satellite position up to the Ionosphere (the stop trace altitude 110 km) using Main (dipole) + Extraterrestrial magnetic field model (for example, Tsyganenko [1987], or [1989], or [1990] ) . ...

... PmWiki uses WikiStyles for styling text with color and other attributes. PmWiki 2.0 introduced the ability to control the styling further and to even place styles on blocks. ... This text is %color=red% red, %color=blue% blue, %% and normal (black). ... In addition, an author can define a style "shortcut" by using the define= property. For example, to define a style of %red% , one can use: . color=red define=mystyle% Here is some %mystyle% red text created using a style shortcut. ...

... Step 1: The Footprint position calculation by the magnetic field line tracing from the satellite position up to the Ionosphere by using IGRF + Tsyganenko [1987] magnetic field model (the stop trace altitude 110 km). Step 2: Tracing back from the Footprint (produced on the Step 1) to the dipole equatorial plane (by using only IGRF magnetic field model up to the geocentric distance 8 RE and dipole field model after this distance). ... Back to the description . ...

... To help find out, ESA launched the Planck satellite to map, in unprecedented detail, slight temperature differences on the oldest surface known -- the background sky left billions of years ago when our universe first became transparent to light. Visible in all directions, this cosmic microwave background is a complex tapestry that could only show the hot and cold patterns observed were the universe to be composed of specific types of energy that evolved in specific ways. ... The Universe Nearby . ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2013 March 25 . Planck Maps the Microwave Background . ... Visible in all directions, this cosmic microwave background is a complex tapestry that could only show the hot and cold patterns observed were the universe to be composed of specific types of energy that evolved in specific ways. ... About APOD | ... A service of: ASD at NASA / GSFC . ...

ALMA | ... In this section, we explain why we need to correct phase fluctuations and ALMA's strategy to do this. Rapid fluctuations will be corrected with water vapour radiometers (WVRs). The Cavendish Astrophysics Group was also a leading contributor to the ALMA prototype WVRs, which were put through their paces in tests at the Submillimeter Array (SMA). ... The Cavendish Astrophysics Group in partnership with the Onsala Space Observatory built two prototype WVRs for the ALMA project. ...

Stationary Shock Waves. ... Influence of Medium Ionization on Shock Wave Propagation. Shock Waves with Decays. ... Results of Classic Theory of Radiation of the Electron Moving in Ion Field. ... Classification and Physical Features of Galaxies. X-Radiation of Coronae of Elliptical Galaxies and Clusters of Galaxies. ... Methods of Obtaining of Information about Physical Conditions and Components of Interstellar Medium. ... Ionization Fronts and Shock Waves in the Interstellar Medium. ...

Next: Summary Report Up: Phenology Garden Previous: Phenology Garden Contents . ... The creation of a phenology garden in Armagh, a project still in its infancy, is part of this effort. ... There is a need for such gardens to be close to meteorological stations having long time series of observations for calibration purposes, one of the Armagh Observatory's strengths in the environmental field. ... Armagh. ...

The visibility amplitude bias (there is also a closure phase bias, but this one is nominally corrected by the raw data averaging pipeline) is related to non-Poisson detector statistics due to after-pulsing, and to fixed pattern noise due to non-linearities in the modulation stroke. We determine the bias using so-called incoherent scans, which record data even though the delay lines are deliberately set away from the white light fringe. ... Averaging triple products.. ... Background data loaded. ...

T he Siding Spring Survey (SSS) is a Near-Earth Object search program that utilises the 0.5-m Uppsala Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, N.S.W., Australia. ... The mission of the Siding Spring Survey is to contribute to the inventory of near-earth objects (NEOs), or more specifically, the potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) and comets (PHOs) that may pose a threat of impact and thus harm to civilization. ... Based on the CSS Mission page . ... Siding Spring Survey Main Page . ...

Starting Apache on Windows . Starting Apache on Unix . ... If the Port specified in the configuration file is the default of 80 (or any other port below 1024), then it is necessary to have root privileges in order to start Apache, so that it can bind to this privileged port. ... As an alternative to invoking the httpd binary directly, a shell script called apachectl is provided which can be used to control the daemon process with simple commands such as apachectl start and apachectl stop . ...

Next: Imaging Polarimetry with NICMOS Up: NICMOS Data Calibration and Previous: The Photometric Performance of . ... NICMOSlook and Calnic C . ... Extracting spectra from a large number of NICMOS grism images requires a convenient interactive tool which allows a user to manipulate direct/grism image pairs. ... NICMOSlook and Calnic-C are two programs that were designed to take advantage of the fact that the NICMOS grism mode typically consists of taking both a direct and a grism image. ...

... The current version 5.2.1 will see only minor additional revisions through 2010. October 14, 2010 =============== To do: Add home on startup of bisque/mks Add southern hemisphere tracking direction change to bisque/mks Check southern hemisphere mappings in bisque/mks Check lower horizon limit Known problems on release of 5.2.1: With 64-bit OS's there are warnings from Motif on compilation. ... Pointing corrections, while available in software, are not fully tested. ...

... 8, ``Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 Solution stabilization algorithms for the estimation of small bodies orbital parameters L. E. Bykova, V. P. Titarenko Tomsk State University, Tomsk, Russia Sometimes there is not enough information for the correct improvement of the orbits of the Solar system small bodies. ... Algorithms have been constructed on the basis of a linear least squares method using additional a priori information about the solution. ... E., Hanson R. J. Solving Least Squares Problems. ...