... Primordial theory review : Dick Bond . Defects and the CMB review : Andy Albrecht . ... Gravitational wave contribution to CMB anisotropies : V.B. Lukash and E.V. Mikheeva . C_l from cosmic strings : Lloyd Knox . Some aspects of CMB anisotropies induced from topological defects : Mairi Sakellariadou . ... CMB anisotropies from scaling sources : Ruth Durrer . ... SZ observations I : Sarah Church . ... Holes in the microwave sky? ... Detecting cosmic strings in the CMB : James Robinson . ...

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Next: Galactic Gravitational Wave Background Previous: Structure of the Galaxy . We will call ``transparency'' of the background the ability of the observer to detect a gravitational wave signal other than that produced by binary systems, by means of adjusting variable parameters of an imaginary GW detector (namely, its angular resolution and frequency band), so that less than one occasional binary system falls into the detector's beam at a given frequency in a given direction. ...

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• Gravitational wave background from nearby galaxies
• Galactic Gravitational Wave Background
• Extragalactic Gravitational Wave Background

. Aristarchus was extremely clever and also figured out a way to determine the ratio of distances between the earth and the moon and the earth and the sun. While wrong, at least he reasoned that the sun was much farther from the earth than the moon. Just Try and Follow this! . Summary of Greek Science .

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• http://zebu.uoregon.edu/~uochep/talks/talks07/cluster.pdf

... In the three intervening decades there have been many observations of this diffuse emission over a wide range of x-ray energies. ... During the 1970's researchers at the University of Wisconsin, lead by Dr. William Kraushaar, used a series of sounding rocket flights to map the diffuse x-ray emission from the sky in several bands. ... University of Wisconsin Sky Survey map of the B-band (0.13-0.188 keV) x-ray intensity. ... University of Wisconsin Sky Survey map of the 2-6 keV band x-ray intensity. ...

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• The AstroStat Slog wavevector
• The AstroStat Slog minimum variance
• The AstroStat Slog spherical hormonic expansion

Next: Sky background definition Up: Background Definition Previous: Smoothing spline interpolation . The command BACKGROUND/SMOOTH enables to define the background without previous order definition. This feature is useful for example to correct for the background the image required for the order definition. ... All above methods are implemented in command BACKGROUND/ECHELLE and selected by the echelle keyword BKGMTD . ...

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• Background Estimates
• Order Extraction
• Estimating the Sky Background

... A Year of Resolving Backgrounds . ... In X-ray light the recently launched spacecraft Chandra and XMM resolved much of the seemingly uniform X-ray background into many discrete sources, many of which appear to be black holes at the centers of galaxies accreting matter. In microwave light , the BOOMERANG and MAXIMA-1 missions resolved with new clarity the seemingly uniform microwave background . ... Publications with keywords: cosmic microwave background radiation . ... Our Dusty Universe . ...

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• Chandra Resolves the Hard X Ray Background
• Астронет > Chandra Resolves the Hard X Ray Background
• Астронет > A Year of Resolving Backgrounds

... 2000 December 30 . A Year of Resolving Backgrounds . ... Explanation: No matter which direction you look, no matter what type of light you see, the sky glows - but why? ... In microwave light , the BOOMERANG and MAXIMA-1 missions resolved with new clarity the seemingly uniform microwave background . ... Pictured above , a map spanning ten degrees of the microwave sky resolves the microwave background into hot and cold spots, as indicated in micro kelvins . ... About APOD | ...

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• APOD: 2000 January 14 - Chandra Resolves the Hard X Ray Background
• APOD: 2013 March 25 - Planck Maps the Microwave Background
• CoolType - Charcoal

slitless -- Extract a spectrum from a direct/GRISM image pair slitless image grism output PARAMETERS . ... A two dimensional direct image to be used to select an object. grism . A two dimensional GRISM image containing slitless spectra of objects present in the direct image. output . ... Toggle whether or not a background estimate is subtracted from the extracted object spectrum. mingood = INDEF . Pixels of the grism image with values smaller than this are ignored. maxgood = INDEF . ...

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• NICMOS Data Calibration and Analysis

WFC3 Instrument Handbook for Cycle 24 . ... Wide Field Camera 3 Instrument Handbook for Cycle 24 > Chapter 8: Slitless Spectroscopy with WFC3 > 8.5 Extraction and Calibration of Spectra . ... A spectral extraction software package, called aXe , is available to extract, flat-field, wavelength- and flux-calibrate WFC3 grism spectra. ... Extraction of WFC3/IR slitless spectra depends on an accurate determination of the diffuse background light that is observed in all grism exposures. ...

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• Initial Hypotheses
• FOC Data Handbook
• Thermal/Sky Backgrounds GPI Data Pipeline 1.0 documentation

SAS home . ... EPIC background spectra are normally extracted from regions of the observation field-of-view, once "contamination" due to individual discrete celestial sources has been removed. ... In order to cope with this situation, blank sky event lists can be downloaded from the XMM-Newton Science Operations Center web site. ... It is in principle possible as well to extract background spectra from blank field event lists, if the spectrum accumulation regions are defined in sky coordinates. ...

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• Background correction
• Source and background regions

Disastrous earthquakes happen 100 to 200 times a year. ... There is a chance that the data of ionospheric plasma observations hold an answer to the latter question. Satellites and ground-based facilities may detect earthquake precursors in the ionosphere a few hours or days before the main shock. ... ULF "Hz"-oscillations have been recorded several hours before the main shock in a narrow magnetic field tube (40...100 km along the satellite trajectory) conjugated with epicenter of the earthquake. ...

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IRAF/STECF 2-D spectrum point source / background decomposition package . ... The general problem is one of spectral decomposition - of separating the spectra of the point sources from the background. ... The STECF IRAF layered package "specres" provides two tasks to extract point source spectra from 2-D images (either longslit, multislit or cross-dispersed) and decompose the full background over the image. ... A Point Source Function spectrum image is required as a 2-D spectrum. ...

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• Homepages of Christian A. Hummel
• ESO - Thesis Topic: Foreground emission and Cosmic Microwave background
• Reduce the background data

... This paper describes the main algorithms used by the Einstein Level One processing to create the exposure masks and the background maps for Einstein IPC images, and how these algorithms were recreated in the IRAF environment. Our goal was to recreate the algorithms used by the Level One Processing to create exposure masks and background maps for Einstein Image Proportional Counter (IPC) data (cf. sections 2.5 and 2.7 of Harnden et al. ...

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• ADASS 2003 Conference Proceedings
• Towards Optimal Analysis of HST Crowded Stellar Fields
• A Method for Minimizing Background Offset Errors When Creating Mosaics

Some recent results ( see ) attracted the attentions of astronomers working on field which could benefits from photon counting techniques with high speed and spatial resolutions as adaptive optics. ... Fasti has been designed to be fast and largerly configurable. ... The data rate attined in the best case (30 Mhz), give no impossible load to the digital acquisition in the photon counting mode, since data are 1 bit only, they can be parallelized, giving a maximum speed of about 940.000 32 bit word/sec. ...

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• Performances of NICS
• The Face on Mars

... Another significant contribution to the crystal energy of metals is the electron-ion interaction or the electron bandstructure energy (E BS ) which is defined by the interaction of valence electrons and the Brillouin zone (BZ) planes. ... The program BRIZ has been developed for 3D visualization of Brillouin zone configurations and intersections of BZ planes with a Fermi sphere[4]. ... 1.75 (electrons/atom). ... 4] Degtyareva V.F., Smirnova I.S.: BRIZ: a vizualization program for Brillouin zone ? ...

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• Stuff LSR ISSP RAS

T he Siding Spring Survey (SSS) is a Near-Earth Object search program that utilises the 0.5-m Uppsala Schmidt Telescope at Siding Spring Observatory, N.S.W., Australia. ... The mission of the Siding Spring Survey is to contribute to the inventory of near-earth objects (NEOs), or more specifically, the potentially hazardous asteroids (PHAs) and comets (PHOs) that may pose a threat of impact and thus harm to civilization. ... Based on the CSS Mission page . ... Siding Spring Survey Main Page . ...

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• The repainted Farnham dome with the AITC in the background
• View of The Oddie and SLR facility on Stromlo with Lake Burley Griffin and

... 2011) What is Mathematica? Slide 5 of 13 Notation & Assumptions Assuming: GW distance R >> pulsar distance D, = 0, pulsar sky direction precisely known independent noise between frequency bins and across different pulsars (OK for high f) Ignoring O x 2 curvature term in r x see however Deng, X . et al 2011 on the effect GW n Pulsar k Earth x 0 Pulsar p r (x) R 0 Earth GW What is Mathematica? ... n , rL 1 pulsars Earth L, M, J, K 1, 2, .. ... Np pulsars , IJ XI A XI ,IJ rI d00,I rJ . ...

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• http://www.atnf.csiro.au/research/cena/documents/presentations/gaensler.pdf
• PPTA Wiki | Links / Papers
• Recording Systems History and Background

UX Tau A's protoplanetary disk extends to a radius of 120 AU (1 AU = the distance between the Earth and the Sun) with a high spatial resolution of 0.1" (arcsecond) Left: Near-infrared intensity image of UX Tau A. White is the brightest, and then red. ... Its west side (on the right) is a little brighter than its east side; this indicates that the inclination of the disk is in the east-west direction and that its west side is closer to the observer (see figure on the right). ...

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• Astronomy 101: Cosmic microwave background | Astronomy.com
• Exploring the cosmic microwave background | Astronomy.com
• cosmic microwave background | Astronomy.com

Bigbang Forum Message . ... Post . ... Solution . ... Post Message | Back to Thread Topics | ... OK - a friend explained it to me this way... for example - the background microwave radiation which originated shortly after the big bang. Take a mirror and reflect that radiation directly back the way it came. - hitch a ride on :) . ... www.astronomy.net . ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

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• Just A Little Background On Dick - an Astronomy Net Exploration Forum Message
• Brilliant! Thanks - an Astronomy Net Blackholes2 Forum Message
• Cool Ideas Krill - an Astronomy Net Blackholes2 Forum Message

To run a process in the background as a job and carry on working add an (ampersand) at the end of the command line. ... The shell forks a child process to run the command and displays the job number ( [ n ] ) and the PID (Process IDentifier) number. ... If the command is likely to produce error messages you will need to redirect standard error. ... Do not run an interactive command that requires you to type something at the terminal as a background job. ... You will then have to kill its process . ...

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• Placing a foreground process in the background
• Managing background jobs