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LIGHT SCATTERING BY MULTI-LAYERED NON-CONFOCAL ELLIPSOIDS IN THE RAYLEIGH APPROXIMATION V.G. Farafonov St.Petersburg University of Aerocosmic Instrumentation St.Petersburg, 190000 Russia Abstract The Rayleigh approximation is extended to the case of light scattering by multi-layered non-confocal coaxial ellipsoidal particles. ... The particles are assumed to be in a constant electric field, and a system of Laplace equations with corresponding boundary conditions is considered. ...

spaceweb@oulu.fi - last update: 28 May 1995, 0800 UT . Advanced plasma theories are extremely important when one tries to explain, for example, the various waves and instabilities found in the plasma environment. ... In the kinetic theory it is necessary to know only the distribution function for the system of particles. ... The dependence of the distribution function on the independent variables r , v , and t is governed by an equation known as the Boltzmann equation . ... Hot plasma theory . ...

... The total pressure P in a non-degenerate, ionized region of a not-too-luminous star can be considered as that of a simple perfect gas alone (i.e. radiation pressure can be ignored). ... Similarly, the energy density per unit mass is U = 3 k T /µmH . Using the 1st Law of Thermodynamics, 2 show that in this region of the star, the adiabatic exponents 1 , 2 and 3 are all equal to 5 , 3 where the exponents are defined as 1 = ( d ln P )ad , d ln ad d ln T 2 - 1 =( ) 2 d ln P and 3 - 1 = ( d ln T )ad . ...

... Future seminars . P a s t seminars . Seminar council . ... Computer simulations of the orbital evolution of Jupiter-family comets (JFCs), resonant asteroids, and asteroidal, trans-Neptunian, and cometary dust particles were made. ... For dust particles we also considered radiation pressure, Poynting-Robertson drag, and solar wind drag. ... The maximum probability of a collision of an asteroidal or cometary dust particle with the Earth during its lifetime was for diameter d~100 microns. ...

Next: The Stopping Radius in Up: ``Ecology'' of Magnetic Rotators Previous: The Environment of the . Now we consider qualitatively the effect of the electromagnetic field of a magnetic rotator on the accreting plasma. ... What is important is that both relativistic particles and magnetic dipole radiation will transfer their momentum and hence exert pressure on the accreting plasma. ... 2) The pressure of the accreting plasma is high enough to permit the plasma to enter the light cylinder . ...

... 8, `` Celestial Mechanics'', 2002 Two trends in the development of numerical algorithms of celestial mechanics T. V. Bordovitsyna, V. A. Avdushev, A. M. Chernitsov Research Institute of Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Tomsk, Russia The motion of a material particle with the mass m in the gravitational field of the central body with the mass M under the action of conservative forces F i with the potential function V i and non--conservative forces P in a ...

are denoted by the following symbols and may be taken to have the values below Elementary charge Speed of light in vacuum Planck constant Permeability of vacuum Permittivity of vacuum Unified atomic mass constant Rest mass of proton Rest mass of electron Boltzmann constant Avogadro constant Gravitational ... Write down the expression for the gravitational field, g, at distance r from a point mass of mass m, carefully defining all the terms in your expression. ...

Gravitational four-fermion interaction and dynamics of the early Universe I.B. Khriplovich, A.S. Rudenko Budker Institute of Nuclear Physics, 630090 Novosibirsk, Russia October 2013 According to common beliefs, present expansion of Universe is result of Big Bang. Quite popular idea is that this expansion had been preceded by compression with subsequent Big Bounce. ... Its energy density is = n4/3, is numerical factor, n1/3 is typical energy per particle. ... Solution of FLRW equations. ...

... The dynamics of silicate and graphite particles with radii of (0.1-2) 10 -5 cm in the vicinity of the Milky Way is considered. The equation of motion of dust grains is integrated with gravitational attraction, radiation pressure, gas drag, and dust destruction taken into account. The effect of other factors on the motion of grains are discussed. ... Dust is swept out of the Galaxy by radiation pressure from stars at a rate of 0.04 M o yr -1 . ...

Next: Standard orientation Up: Preprocessing Previous: Bias correction . In a similar manner, long dark exposures of the same exposure time can be averaged to produce the DARK frames. ... Use the command COMPUTE/IMAGE to multiply the images by the exposure time and to add back the value for FLAT_BKG . ... Often, BIAS and DARK contain no large - scale structure. ... The commands AVERAGE/IMAGE and AVERAGE/WEIGHT offer number of options to compare the images and filter particle hits. ...

Solar Flare Origin - critical analysis" Lev Pusti'lnik We analyze current approach to solar flare origin in 3 aspects: a. Pre-flare equilibrium state of current-magnetic structure above active region and its evolution to flare state, b. Possible reasons of stability loss with transition of system in flare state c. Flare energy release in turbulent current sheet and particle acceleration in this system. ...

... Each day a different image or photograph of our fascinating universe is featured, along with a brief explanation written by a professional astronomer. 2014 February 4 . A Particle Beam Jet forms HH 24 . Image Credit: Hubble Legacy Archive , NASA , ESA - Processing: Judy Schmidt . Explanation: If you visit HH 24, don't go near the particle beam jet. ... Frequently when a star forms, a disk of dust and gas circles the YSO causing a powerful central jets to appear. ... About APOD | ...

... A Particle Beam Jet forms HH 24 . ... Credit Copyright: Hubble Legacy Archive , NASA , ESA - Processing: Judy Schmidt Explanation: If you visit HH 24, don't go near the particle beam jet. ... The above image was taken by the Hubble Space Telescope in infrared light in order to better understand turbulent star forming regions known as Young Stellar Objects (YSOs). Frequently when a star forms, a disk of dust and gas circles the YSO causing a powerful central jets to appear. ...

... User Guide ] Task: maths Purpose: Mathematical operations on images and image data Categories: utility, map combination, map manipulation MATHS is a MIRIAD task that performs arithmetic expressions on a number of images. ... When there is more than one file name in the input expression, the expression is evaluated at corresponding pixels of the input images. ... For example: exp=sqrt(fred) mask=fred.gt.0 Key: exp The expression to be evaluated. Key: mask The mask expression. ... No default. ...

Dwarf novae are a subclass of cataclysmic variable stars in which a late-type secondary fills its Roche lobe and transfers mass to a white dwarf primary via an accretion disc. ... Those spiral structures are very similar to the spiral shocks discovered by Sawada, Matsuda & Hachisu (1986) in 2D finite difference numerical simulations in accretion discs. In this poster, we want to compare 2D numerical simulations of accretion disc with the observations of SH2 . ...

Blackholes2 Forum Message . Forums: . ... Firtual Particles Are Not Only Particle Pairs . ... Posted by Richard Ruquist on October 19, 2004 12:03:20 UTC . ... Vacuum production of virtual particle pairs cannot violate the uncertainty principle. ... This theory is dual to the particle theory of gravitons. ... www.astronomy.net . About Astronomy Net | ... Forum posts are Copyright their authors as specified in the heading above the post. "dbHTML," "AstroGuide," "ASTRONOMY.NET" & "VA.NET" . ...

Next: Error Determination Up: *qpspec* - Extraction of Previous: Spectral Extraction of Extended . Charged particles can be removed from the source and background spectra using the master veto (MV) rate. ... For example, if MV rate = 100, the following command will remove the charged particles in the background and source spectra before determining the net spectrum. xs > qpspec vign_corr=yes avg_mvr=100 . ...

Next: Field of View Up: CCD Scientific Performance Previous: Back Illumination . The CCD acts as a storage medium, and with frame times of the order seconds, there is no obvious method of employing prompt co-incidence rejection of charged particle events. ... In conventional CCDs, a m track length results in an equivalent energy deposition of 5 - 6 keV, and significant confusion with X-ray events arises. ... A trade-off between rejection efficiency and spectroscopic efficiency is required. ...

... According to the big bang theory, huge amounts of energy were released, giving rise to matter, antimatter and dark matter. ... The Big Bang Theory has enabled scientists to make certain predictions. ... These particles are the building blocks of matter, antimatter and dark matter. ... This could theoretically happen if the hydrogen was shockheated to over 100000 C. The Big Bang Theory is only a theory and so there is no concrete evidence to suggest that it is entirely correct. ...