... Step 1: The magnetic field line tracing from the satellite position up to magnetic equatorial plane using IGRF magnetic field model. Step 2: Tracing back from the point (produced on the Step 1) to the Ionosphere (by using only dipole magnetic field) . ... The magnetic field line tracing from the satellite position up to the Ionosphere (the stop trace altitude 110 km) using Main (dipole) + Extraterrestrial magnetic field model (for example, Tsyganenko [1987], or [1989], or [1990] ) . ...

spaceweb@oulu.fi - last update: 5 January 1999, 1500 UT (RR) . Geomagnetic pulsations, i.e., ultra-low-frequency (ULF) waves cover roughly the frequency range from 1 mHz to 1 Hz , i.e., from the lowest the magnetospheric cavity can support up to the various ion gyrofrequencies . ... Pulsation classes . ... Pulsations are studied with in situ observations in space of both magnetic and electric fields, and with ground-based magnetometers . ... correlation with IMF/solar wind parameters . ...

... Jupiter's icy moon Europa has a metallic core and layered internal structure similar to the Earth's , while the heavily cratered moon Callisto is a mixture of metallic rock and ice with no identifiable central core, according to new results from NASA's Galileo mission . In addition, recent plasma wave observations from Galileo show no evidence of a magnetic field or magnetosphere around Callisto, but do hint at the prospect of a tenuous atmosphere. ... Jupiter Galileo . ...

Cosmic Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 435­488. Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 453­508. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Veselovsky, Panasyuk, Avdyushin, Bazilevskaya, Belov, Bogachev, Bogod, Bogomolov, Bothmer, Boyarchuk, Vashenyuk, Vlasov, Gnezdilov, Gorgutsa, Grechnev, Denisov, Dmitriev, Dryer, Yermolaev, Eroshenko, Zherebtsov, Zhitnik, Zhukov, Zastenker, Zelenyi, Zeldovich, Ivanov-Kholodnyi, Ignat'ev, Ishkov, Kolomiytsev, Krasheninnikov, Kudela,