... Helene 1980 P. Laques & J. Lecacheus Pandora 1980 S. Collins et. al. Prometheus 1980 S. Collins et. al. ... Puck 1985 Voyager 2 Belinda 1986 Voyager 2 Bianca 1986 Voyager 2 Cordelia 1986 Voyager 2 Cressida 1986 Voyager 2 Desdemona 1986 Voyager 2 Juliet 1986 Voyager 2 Ophelia 1986 Voyager 2 Portia 1986 Voyager 2 Rosalind 1986 Voyager 2 Despina 1989 Voyager 2 Galatea 1989 Voyager 2 Larissa 1989 Voyager 2 Naiad 1989 Voyager 2 Proteus 1989 Voyager 2 Thalassa 1989 Voyager 2 Pan 1990 Showalter . ...

A team of U.S. and German astrophysicists have made the first ever detection of X-rays coming from a comet. ... Following the initial detection, the team reported repeated X-ray emissions from the comet over the next 24 hours. ... One preliminary theory is that X-ray emission from the Sun was absorbed by a cloud of gaseous water molecules surrounding the nucleus of the comet, and then were re-emitted by the molecules in a process physicists call "fluorescence." ... Comets . ...

What follows is a brief list of benchmarks and discoveries that shaped our ideas on atoms and nuclei. ... Discovery of electrons . ... Comparing this to Faraday's results, one could get " Avogadro's number ", the number of (say) hydrogen atoms in one gram of hydrogen--an enormously large number. ... Similarly, energized atoms are only allowed to exist in one of a number of energy levels. ... By the way, Avogadro's number is 602,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 (6.02 10 23 ) molecules in 1 gr hydrogen. ...

Cosmic Research, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 435­488. Translated from Kosmicheskie Issledovaniya, Vol. 42, No. 5, 2004, pp. 453­508. Original Russian Text Copyright © 2004 by Veselovsky, Panasyuk, Avdyushin, Bazilevskaya, Belov, Bogachev, Bogod, Bogomolov, Bothmer, Boyarchuk, Vashenyuk, Vlasov, Gnezdilov, Gorgutsa, Grechnev, Denisov, Dmitriev, Dryer, Yermolaev, Eroshenko, Zherebtsov, Zhitnik, Zhukov, Zastenker, Zelenyi, Zeldovich, Ivanov-Kholodnyi, Ignat'ev, Ishkov, Kolomiytsev, Krasheninnikov, Kudela,