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37101. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH20.PDF
... When the keyboard ISR encounters such a character, it translates it to a 16 bit value whose L.O. byte is the ASCII code and the H.O. byte is the key's scan code. ... Ints off. ... To convert keyboard scan codes to scan/ASCII codes, the int 9 ISR must keep track of the current state of the modifier keys. ... By writing a 0D2h byte to the controller command port (64h) and a scan code byte to port 60h, you can force the controller to return that scan code as though the user pressed a key on the...
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH20.PDF -- 182.3 Кб -- 12.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH20.PDF -- 182.3 Кб -- 12.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/science/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH20.PDF -- 182.3 Кб -- 12.10.1996
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37102. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH19.PDF
Processes, Coroutines, and Concurrency Chapter 19 When most people speak of multitasking, they usually mean the ability to run several different application programs concurrently on one machine. Given the structure of the original 80x86 chips and MS-DOS' software design, this is very difficult to achieve when running DOS. Look at how long it's taken Microsoft to get Windows to multitask as well as it does. Given the problems large companies like Microsoft have had trying to get multitasking to work, you
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH19.PDF -- 275.8 Кб -- 12.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH19.PDF -- 275.8 Кб -- 12.10.1996
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37103. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH18.PDF
Resident Programs Chapter 18 Most MS-DOS applications are transient. ... With your code structured in the manner shown above, determining the size of the resident program is quite easy, just use the following statements to terminate the transient portion of your code (in cseg): mov mov mov int mov ; ; ; ; ; ax, ResidentSeg es, ax ah, 62h 21h es:PSP, bx ;Need access to ResidentSeg ;DOS Get PSP call. ... Executing the code above returns control to MS-DOS, preserving your resident code in memory. ...
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH18.PDF -- 157.1 Кб -- 12.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH18.PDF -- 157.1 Кб -- 12.10.1996
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37104. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH17.PDF
... The 80x86 family has only added to the confusion surrounding interrupts by introducing the int (software interrupt) instruction. ... For more details on these hardware interrupts , see Ї Ї Ї Ї Ї Ї Ї Ї Ї Ї Ї Hardware Interrupts on page 1004 The 8259A Programmable Interrupt Controller (PIC) on page 1005 The Timer Interrupt ( INT 8) on page 1007 The Keyboard Interrupt ( INT 9) on page 1008 The Serial Port Interrupts ( INT 0Bh and INT 0Ch) on ...
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH17.PDF -- 111.3 Кб -- 12.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH17.PDF -- 111.3 Кб -- 12.10.1996
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37105. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH16.PDF
Pattern Matching Chapter 16 The last chapter covered character strings and various operations on those strings. A very typical program reads a sequence of strings from the user and compares the strings to see if they match. For example, DOS' COMMAND.COM program reads command lines from the user and compares the strings the user types to fixed strings like "COPY", "DEL", "RENAME", and so on. Such commands are easy to parse because the set of allowable commands is finite and fixed. Sometimes, however, the
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH16.PDF -- 357.9 Кб -- 12.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH16.PDF -- 357.9 Кб -- 12.10.1996
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37106. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH15.PDF
Strings and Character Sets Chapter 15 A string is a collection of objects stored in contiguous memory locations. Strings are usually arrays of bytes, words, or (on 80386 and later processors) double words. The 80x86 microprocessor family supports several instructions specifically designed to cope with strings. This chapter explores some of the uses of these string instructions. The 8088, 8086, 80186, and 80286 can process two types of strings: byte strings and word strings. The 80386 and later processors
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH15.PDF -- 203.3 Кб -- 12.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH15.PDF -- 203.3 Кб -- 12.10.1996
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37107. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH14.PDF
Floating Point Arithmetic Chapter 14 Although integers provide an exact representation for numeric values, they suffer from two major drawbacks: the inability to represent fractional values and a limited dynamic range. Floating point arithmetic solves these two problems at the expense of accuracy and, on some processors, speed. Most programmers are aware of the speed loss associated with floating point arithmetic; however, they are blithely unware of the problems with accuracy. For many applications, the
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH14.PDF -- 228.1 Кб -- 06.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH14.PDF -- 228.1 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37108. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH13.PDF
MS-DOS, PC-BIOS, and File I/O Chapter 13 A typical PC system consists of many component besides the 80x86 CPU and memory. MS-DOS and the PC's BIOS provide a software connection between your application program and the underlying hardware. Although it is sometimes necessary to program the hardware directly yourself, more often than not it's best to let the system software (MS-DOS and the BIOS) handle this for you. Furthermore, it's much easier for you to simply call a routine built into your system than to
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH13.PDF -- 233.6 Кб -- 06.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH13.PDF -- 233.6 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37109. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH12.PDF
Procedures: Advanced Topics Chapter 12 The last chapter described how to create procedures, pass parameters, and allocate and access local variables. This chapter picks up where that one left off and describes how to access non-local variables in other procedures, pass procedures as parameters, and implement some user-defined control structures. 12.0 Chapter Overview This chapter completes the discussion of procedures, parameters, and local variables begun in the previous chapter. This chapter describes how
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH12.PDF -- 182.8 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37110. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH11.PDF
Procedures and Functions Chapter 11 Modular design is one of the cornerstones of structured programming. A modular program contains blocks of code with single entry and exit points. You can reuse well written sections of code in other programs or in other sections of an existing program. If you reuse an existing segment of code, you needn't design, code, nor debug that section of code since (presumably) you've already done so. Given the rising costs of software development, modular design will become more
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH11.PDF -- 215.7 Кб -- 06.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH11.PDF -- 215.7 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37111. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH10.PDF
Control Structures Chapter 10 A computer program typically contains three structures: instruction sequences, decisions, and loops. ... Loops. ... It takes the following form: WHILE boolean expression DO statement; There are two important points to note about the while loop. ... You can convert this to 80x86 assembly language as follows: WhileLp: mov cmp jge inc jmp I, 0 I, 100 WhileDone I WhileLp WhileDone: Note that a Pascal while loop can be easily synthesized using an if and a goto statement. ...
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH10.PDF -- 153.4 Кб -- 06.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH10.PDF -- 153.4 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37112. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH09.PDF
Arithmetic and Logical Operations Chapter Nine There is a lot more to assembly language than knowing the operations of a handful of machine instructions. You've got to know how to use them and what they can do. Many instructions are useful for operations that have little to do with their mathematical or obvious functions. This chapter discusses how to convert expressions from a high level language into assembly language. It also discusses advanced arithmetic and logical operations including multiprecision
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH09.PDF -- 255.4 Кб -- 06.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH09.PDF -- 255.4 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37113. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH08.PDF
MASM: Directives & Pseudo-Opcodes Chapter Eight Statements like mov ax,0 and add ax,bx are meaningless to the microprocessor. As arcane as these statements appear, they are still human readable forms of 80x86 instructions. The 80x86 responds to commands like B80000 and 03C3. An assembler is a program that converts strings like mov ax,0 to 80x86 machine code like "B80000". An assembly language program consists of statements like mov ax,0. The assembler converts an assembly language source file to machine
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH08.PDF -- 363.3 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37114. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH07.PDF
... The UCR Standard Library for 80x86 programmers provides such a set of routines. ... Memory management routines. ... Gets terminates the input line with a zero byte (which is compatible with the Standard Library string handling routines). ... Returns pointer in ES:DI ;Return storage to heap. free Page 335 Chapter 07 7.1.3 The Standard Output Routines: PUTC, PUTCR, PUTS, PUTH, PUTI, PRINT, and PRINTF The Standard Library provides a wide array of output routines, far more than you will see here. ...
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH07.PDF -- 80.8 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37115. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH06.PDF
The 80x86 Instruction Set Chapter Six Until now, there has been little discussion of the instructions available on the 80x86 microprocessor. This chapter rectifies this situation. Note that this chapter is mainly for reference. It explains what each instruction does, it does not explain how to combine these instructions to form complete assembly language programs. The rest of this book will explain how to do that. 6.0 Chapter Overview This chapter discusses the 80x86 real mode instruction set. Like any
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH06.PDF -- 386.9 Кб -- 06.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH06.PDF -- 386.9 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37116. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH05.PDF
Variables and Data Structures Chapter Five Chapter One discussed the basic format for data in memory. Chapter Three covered how a computer system physically organizes that data. This chapter finishes this discussion by connecting the concept of data representation to its actual physical representation. As the title implies, this chapter concerns itself with two main topics: variables and data structures. This chapter does not assume that you've had a formal course in data structures, though such experience
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH05.PDF -- 167.4 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37117. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH04.PDF
Memory Layout and Access Chapter Four Chapter One discussed the basic format for data in memory. Chapter Three covered how a computer system physically organizes that data. This chapter discusses how the 80x86 CPUs access data in memory. 4.0 Chapter Overview This chapter forms an important bridge between sections one and two (Machine Organization and Basic Assembly Language, respectively). From the point of view of machine organization, this chapter discusses memory addressing, memory organization, CPU
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH04.PDF -- 508.4 Кб -- 06.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH04.PDF -- 508.4 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37118. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH03.PDF
System Organization Chapter Three To write even a modest 80x86 assembly language program requires considerable familiarity with the 80x86 family. To write good assembly language programs requires a strong knowledge of the underlying hardware. Unfortunately, the underlying hardware is not consistent. Techniques that are crucial for 8088 programs may not be useful on 80486 systems. Likewise, programming techniques that provide big performance boosts on an 80486 chip may not help at all on an 80286.
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH03.PDF -- 301.3 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37119. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH02.PDF
Boolean Algebra Chapter Two Logic circuits are the basis for modern digital computer systems. ... This chapter provides a brief introduction to boolean algebra, truth tables, canonical representation, of boolean functions, boolean function simplification, logic design, combinatorial and sequential circuits, and hardware/software equivalence. ... There are two reasons. ... 2) 3) 4) 5) Write a program that, given a 4-bit logic function number, displays the truth table for that function of two variables. ...
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH02.PDF -- 222.0 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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37120. http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH01.PDF
... 1.0 Chapter Overview This chapter discusses several important concepts including the binary and hexadecimal numbering systems, binary data organization (bits, nibbles, bytes, words, and double words), signed and unsigned numbering systems, arithmetic, logical, shift, and rotate operations on binary values, bit fields and packed data, and the ASCII character set. ... Any number of leading zero bits may precede the binary number without changing its value. ... Assume all values are 16 bits. ...
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/doc/library/AOA/CH01.PDF -- 153.1 Кб -- 06.10.1996
[ Текст ]  Ссылки http://www.arcetri.astro.it/irlab/library/AOA/CH01.PDF -- 153.1 Кб -- 06.10.1996
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