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6801. Acknowledgments
... Sincere thanks go to Mike A'Hearn, Paul Chodas, Gil Clark, Janet Edberg, Steve Edberg, Jim Friedson, Mo Geller, Martha Hanner, Cliff Heindl, David Levy, Mordecai-Mark Mac Low, Al Metzger, Marcia Neugebauer, Glenn Orton, Elizabeth Roettger, Jim Scotti, David Seal, Zdenek Sekanina, Anita Sohus, Harold Weaver, Paul Weissman, Bob West, and Don Yeomans. ... The choice of material and the faults and flaws in the document remain the responsibility of the author alone. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/comet/credits.htm -- 2.7 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6802. The Discovery and Early Study of Shoemaker-Levy 9
Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 was discovered photographically by the husband and wife scientific team of Carolyn S. and Eugene M. Shoemaker and David H. Levy on March 24, 1993, using the 0.46-m (18-in.) ... Its discovery was a serendipitous product of their continuing search for near-Earth objects , and the 9 indicates that it was the ninth short-period comet (period less than 200 years) discovered by this team. ... In other words, the comet, or at least parts of it, could very well hit Jupiter. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/comet/discover.htm -- 14.2 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6803. The Fragmentation of Comets
Every body is held together by two forces, its self-gravitation and its internal strength due to molecular bonding. ... A few of these cases have been obviously attributable to the tidal forces of Jupiter (Comet Brooks 2 and Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9) or the Sun (the Kreutz comet family), while other splittings have to be attributed to less obvious causes. ... They always approach the Sun to within 3 million kilometers (1.9 million miles) or less, and some have actually hit the Sun. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/comet/frag.htm -- 5.3 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6804. Introduction
For a period of about six days centered on July 19, 1994, fragments of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter, the solar system's largest planet. ... Scientists and amateur astronomers through the world spent anxious days watching the comet fragments smash into the atmosphere. ... This section offers some background material on Jupiter , comets , and what scientists learned when Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter. Table of Contents Section 1 ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/comet/intro.htm -- 2.0 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6805. The Motion of Comets
Comets necessarily obey the same physical laws as every other object. ... If one considers only two bodies -- either the Sun and a planet, or the Sun and a comet -- the smaller body appears to follow an elliptical path or orbit about the Sun, which is at one focus of the ellipse. ... Another quantity that is conserved is called angular momentum. ... Comets simply are bodies which in general have more angular momentum per unit mass than do planets and therefore move in more elongated orbits. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/comet/motion.htm -- 8.0 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6806. The Planet Jupiter
Jupiter is the largest of the nine planets, more than 10 times the diameter of Earth and more than 300 times its mass. ... The mean density of Earth is 5.245 times that of water. The pull of gravity on Jupiter at the top of the clouds at the equator is 2.4 times as great as gravity's pull at the surface of Earth at the equator. ... It is tipped about 11? to Jupiter's axis of rotation, similar to Earth's, but it is also offset from the center of Jupiter by about 10,000 kilometers (6,200 miles). ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/comet/planet.htm -- 9.5 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6807. Table of Contents
Background Material for Science Teachers JULY 1994 -- Periodic Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 Collides with Jupiter . Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter in July 1994. From this historic event, scientists learned more about comets, Jupiter, and the physics of high velocity planetary impacts. ... Main Contents: . ... What Is a Comet? ... The Motion of Comets . ... The Fragmentation of Comets . ... The Planet Jupiter . ... A. Comparative Tables . B. The K-T Event . ... Acknowledgments . ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/comet/toc.htm -- 2.5 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6808. What is a Comet?
Comets are small, fragile, irregularly shaped bodies composed of a mixture of non-volatile grains and frozen gases. ... Most become visible, even in telescopes, only when they get near enough to the Sun for the Sun's radiation to start subliming the volatile gases, which in turn blow away small bits of the solid material. ... Nearly 100 known comets have periods (the time it takes them to make one complete trip around the Sun) five to seven Earth years in length. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/comet/whatis.htm -- 8.9 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6809. Educator's Guide to Impact Craters
Educator's Guide to Impact Craters . ... Just about all craters have deep central depressions, raised rims, and a blanket of ejected material surrounding them. ... Look for classical cratering features: basin, raised rim, ejecta blanket (material excavated from the crater and dumped around it, visible as white flour on the colored powder), and rays (material shot out at high velocity forming lines pointing directly away from the impact site). ... The material lies like a blanket around the crater. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/edu/craters.htm -- 6.1 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6810. Appendix C - The Probability of Collisions with Earth
... The craters were caused by the impacts of comets and asteroids. ... In fact, up to a diameter of about 10 meters (33 feet), most stony meteoroids are destroyed in the atmosphere in a terminal explosion. ... The famous meteor crater in northern Arizona, some 1.2 kilometers (4,000 feet) in diameter and 183 meters (600 feet) deep, was created 50,000 years ago by a nickel-iron meteorite perhaps 60 meters (197 feet) in diameter. ... These range in diameter from a few meters to about 8 km. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/comet/appendc.htm -- 8.7 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6811. Copyright Information
... Copyright of Images . I would like to thank each one of you who has taken the time to browse through this tour of the solar system. ... Here are some general conditions for use of this information. The Views of the Solar System web site along with many of the images and information are copyrighted by Calvin J. Hamilton . Many of the images come from NASA or other government sources and are in the public domain. ... Any NASA or JPL image can be freely used, but please give them credit. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/copyright.htm -- 6.5 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6812. Luna 22
. Courtesy of NASA's National Space Science Data Center . Launch Date: 1974-05-29 . Launch Site/Country: Tyuratam (Baikonur Cosmodrome), U.S.S.R. Launch Vehicle: Proton Booster Plus Upper Stage and Escape Stages . On-orbit dry mass: 4000.00 kg. (8,800 lbs.) . The main objectives of the launch were investigations of the Moon and of the circumlunar area. Space History .
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/luna22.htm -- 2.2 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6813. Luna 24
Courtesy of NASA's National Space Science Data Center . Launch Date/Time: 1976-08-09 at 14:04:00 UTC . ... On-orbit dry mass: 4800.00 kg. (10,560 lbs.) The last of the Luna series of spacecraft, the mission of the Luna 24 probe was the third Soviet mission to retrieve lunar ground samples (the first two were returned by Luna 16 and 20). The probe landed in the area known as Mare Crisium (Sea of Crisis). The mission successfully returned the samples to the Earth on August 22, 1976. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/luna24.htm -- 2.5 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6814. Asteroid Mathilde
Mathilde . ... On June 27, 1997 the Near-Earth Asteroid Rendezvous (NEAR) spacecraft flew flew past asteroid 253 Mathilde. ... On June 27, 1997 NEAR made a spectatular 25 minute flyby of Mathilde which resulted in more than 500 images of a dark, crater-battered little world that dates to the beginning of the solar system. ... This first image of asteroid 253 Mathilde, returned by the NEAR spacecraft just before 10:00 AM EDT on June 27, 1997, was taken from a distance of 1800 kilometers (1120 miles). ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/mathilde.htm -- 9.4 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6815. Zond 3
Courtesy of NASA's National Space Science Data Center . Launch Date/Time: 1965-07-18 at 14:38:00 UTC . ... Zond 3 was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik (65-056B) Earth orbiting platform towards the Moon and interplanetary space. ... On July 20, during lunar flyby, 25 pictures of very good quality were taken of the lunar farside from distances of 11,570 to 9,960 kilometers (7,190 to 6,190 miles). The photos covered 19 million square kilometers (7.3 million square miles) of the lunar surface. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/zond3.htm -- 3.0 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6816. Zond 5
... Launch Date: 1968-09-14 . ... Zond 5 was launched from a Tyazheliy Sputnik in Earth parking orbit to make scientific probes during a lunar flyby and to return to Earth. ... The closest distance was 1,950 kilometers (1,212 miles). High-quality photographs of the Earth were taken at a distance of 90,000 kilometers (56,000 miles). ... On September 21, 1968, the re-entry capsule entered the Earth's atmosphere, braked aerodynamically, and deployed parachutes at 7 kilometers (4.35 miles) . ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/zond5.htm -- 2.9 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6817. Zond 6
Courtesy of NASA's National Space Science Data Center . Launch Date: 1968-11-10 . ... Zond 6 was launched on a lunar flyby mission from a parent satellite in Earth parking orbit. ... Zond 6 flew around the Moon on November 14, 1968, at a minimum distance of 2,420 kilometers (1,504 kilometers). ... This experiment had the purpose of photographing the lunar surface, especially areas missed by earlier missions, and to overlap with better photography those areas that had been previously covered. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/zond6.htm -- 3.2 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6818. Zond 7
... Launch Date: 1969-08-07 . ... Zond 7 was launched towards the Moon from a mother spacecraft on a mission of further studies of the Moon and circulmunar space, to obtain color photography of the Earth and the Moon from varying distances, and to flight test the spacecraft systems. Earth photos were obtained on August 9, 1969. ... Zond 7 reentered the Earth's atmosphere on August 14, 1969, and achieved a soft landing in a preset region south of Kustanai. Space History . ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/zond7.htm -- 2.7 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6819. Zond 8
... Launch Date: 1970-10-20 . ... Zond 8 was launched from an Earth orbiting platform, Tyazheliy Sputnik, towards the Moon. ... The spacecraft obtained photographs of the Earth on October 21 from a distance of 64,480 kilometers (40,070 miles). The spacecraft transmitted flight images of the earth for three days. Zond 8 flew past the Moon on October 24, 1970, at a distance of 1,110.4 kilometers (690 miles) and obtained both black and white and color photographs of the lunar surface. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/zond8.htm -- 2.9 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6820. Luna 10
... Launch Date/Time: 1966-03-31 at 10:48:00 UTC . ... The Luna 10 spacecraft was launched towards the Moon from an Earth orbiting platform. ... Scientific instruments included a gamma-ray spectrometer for energies between 0.3--3 MeV, a triaxial magnetometer, a meteorite detector, instruments for solar-plasma studies, and devices for measuring infrared emissions from the Moon and radiation conditions of the lunar environment. ... Luna 10 measured the magnetic field of the moon intermittently for 2...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/luna10.htm -- 3.7 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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