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6941. The Surface of Mars as Scene by Viking
The Surface of Mars . The summer of 1976 was filled with excitement for planetary scientists as the Viking landers touched down upon the surface of the red planet. ... Before Viking arrived at Mars, landing sites were chosen for both Viking landers, but after examining orbiter photographs, new sites were chosen. ... Lander 1 pictures showed a gently rolling landscape that is a yellow-brown in color with rocks of all sizes strewn through out the scene. ... Viking Lander Surface Photographs . ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/marssurf.htm -- 11.8 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6942. Martian Volcanoes
... Cold upon the dead volcano sleeps the gleam of dying day. ... The Tharsis dome is 4,000 kilometers (2,500 miles) across and rises to 10 kilometers (6.2 miles) in height. Located on its northwest flank are three large shield volcanoes : Ascraeus Mons, Pavonis Mons and Arsia Mons. ... The three volcanoes include Hecates Tholus, Elysium Mons and Albor Tholus. ... Hectas Tholus is 160 by 175 kilometers (100 by 109 miles) in size with a caldera complex 11.3 by 9.1 kilometers (7 by 5.7 miles) in size. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/marsvolc.htm -- 23.4 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6943. Mars Exploration Rationale
The Rationale for Exploring Mars . ... The human exploration of Mars will be an enterprise that confirms the potential for humans to leave their home planet and make their way outward into the cosmos. ... For the first time in a space exploration mission, it will be up to the crew to solve their own emergency problems. ... As the capability for space exploration grew in the 1960's, it became clear that Mars is not, like Earth, a planet teeming with life, and is now a hostile environment for humans. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/marswhy.htm -- 9.7 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6944. Mercury
... Mercury Image and Animation Index . ... Craters dot the surface. ... Until Mariner 10 , little was known about Mercury because of the difficulty in observing it from Earth telescopes. ... The craters range in size from 100 meters (the smallest resolvable feature on Mariner 10 images) to 1,300 kilometers. ... The largest crater on Mercury is the Caloris basin . ... Others consider any crater larger than 200 kilometers a basin. ... The majority of Mercury's surface is covered by plains. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/mercury.htm -- 21.6 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6945. Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9
... Comet Tutorial . ... On July 1, 1993 an image was taken with the Hubble Space Telescope (HST) that clearly shows at least 15 individual fragments in one image frame of the train. ... This made an accurate orbit (or orbits) difficult to determine; however, after numerous observations of the comet, astronmers determined that the comet had passed within 96,000 kilometers (60,000 miles) of the center of Jupiter or 25,000 kilometers (16,000 miles) from the cloud tops during the July 8, 1992, approach. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/levy.htm -- 9.4 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6946. Hubble Observations Shed New Light on Jupiter Collision
Hubble Observations Shed New Light on Jupiter Collision . Was it a comet or an asteroid? ... Their initial findings, combined with results from other space-borne and ground-based telescopes, shed new light on Jupiter's atmospheric winds, its immense magnetic field, the mysterious dark debris from the impacts, and the composition of the doomed comet itself. ... Hubble's ultraviolet observations show the motion of very fine impact debris particles now suspended high in Jupiter's atmosphere. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/levyhst.htm -- 9.4 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6947. Lunar Orbiter to the Moon (1966 - 1967)
... Five Lunar Orbiter missions were launched in 1966 through 1967 with the purpose of mapping the lunar surface before the Apollo landings. ... The first three missions were dedicated to imaging 20 potential lunar landing sites, selected based on Earth-based observations. ... The Lunar Orbiters had an ingenious imaging system, which consisted of a dual-lens camera, a film processing unit, a readout scanner, and a film handling apparatus. ... Launched: 04 May 1967 . ... Objective: Lunar mapping mission ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/lunarorb.htm -- 4.2 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6948. Lunar Prospector
... NASA Lunar Orbiter . ... The Lunar Prospector is designed for a low-polar orbit investigation of the Moon, including mapping of surface composition and possible polar ice deposits, measurements of magnetic and gravity fields, and study of lunar outgassing events. Data from the 1- to 3-year mission will allow construction of a detailed map of the surface composition of the Moon, and will improve our understanding of the origin, evolution, current state, and resources of the Moon. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/lunpros.htm -- 5.2 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6949. Jupiter's Moon Lysithea
Lysithea . Jupiter X . Lysithea [ly-SITH-ee-uh] is the eleventh known satellite of Jupiter. Lysithea was a daughter of Oceanus and one of Zeus's lovers. Very little is known about Lysithea. Lysithea Statistics . ... Mass (Earth = 1) . ... Equatorial radius (km) . ... Equatorial radius (Earth = 1) . ... Mean density (gm/cm^3) . ... Mean distance from Jupiter (km) . ... Rotational period (days) . Orbital period (days) . ... Mean orbital velocity (km/sec) . ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/lysithea.htm -- 3.5 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6950. Magellan Mission to Venus
Magellan to Venus . ... The spacecraft carried a sophisticated imaging radar, which was used to make the most highly detailed map of Venus ever captured during its four years in orbit around Venus from 1990 to 1994. After concluding its radar mapping, Magellan also made global maps of Venus's gravity field. ... The Magellan mission was divided up into "cycles" with each cycle lasting 243 days (the time necessary for Venus to rotate once under the Magellan orbit). ... Magellan Orbiting Venus . ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/magellan.htm -- 7.1 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6951. Mariner 10
Mariner 10 . ... Mariner 10 was the seventh successful launch in the Mariner spacecraft series, and the first to use the gravitational pull of one planet ( Venus ) to reach another ( Mercury ). ... It measured 1.39 meters (4.56 feet) diagonally and 0.457 meters (1.5 feet) in depth. ... Views of Mariner 10 . ... Venus/Mercury Mission . ... Launched in November 1973, this mission provided new information about Mercury and Venus in the Mariner program's first dual-planet mission. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/marin10.htm -- 7.7 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6952. Mariner 2
Mariner 2 . Mariner 2, the world's first successful interplanetary spacecraft, was launched August 27, 1962. It reached Venus on December 14, 1962, after a 108-day journey from Earth. ... The Mariner 2 mission was authorized by NASA in August 1961, less than a year before the first launch window. ... Mariner 2, the world's first successful interplanetary spacecraft, was launched August 27, 1962, and passed 34,916 kilometers (21,648 miles) from Venus on December 14, 1962. ... Space History . ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/marin2.htm -- 5.7 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6953. Mariner 4
Mariner 4 . ... It was designed to conduct closeup scientific observations of the planet Mars and to transmit these observations to Earth. Mariner 4 gave scientists their first glimpse of Mars at close range, passing over the planet at an altitude of 9,846 kilometers (6,118 miles) above the surface and putting to rest the myths of the late 19th century that the planet might have harbored an advanced civilization. ... Mariner 4 was launched November 28, 1964, on a 228-day mission to Mars. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/marin4.htm -- 4.4 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6954. Mariner 5
Mariner 5 . ... The Mariner 5 spacecraft was the fifth in a series of spacecraft used for planetary exploration in the flyby mode. Mariner 5 was a refurbished backup spacecraft for the Mariner 4 mission and was converted from a Mars mission to a Venus mission. ... The closest flyby distance was 3,990 kilometers (2,480 miles) and, with more sensitive instruments than its predecessor, Mariner 5 was able to shed new light on the hot, cloud-covered planet and on conditions in interplanetary space. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/marin5.htm -- 3.8 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6955. Mariners 6 & 7 to Mars
Mariners 6 & 7 to Mars . ... Mariners 6 and 7 were designed to fly over the equator and southern hemisphere of the planet Mars . ... One hundred million kilometers (62 million miles) later, Mariner 6 encountered Mars on July 31, 1969; Mariner 7 reached the planet four days later on August 4, 1969. ... Mariner 6 & 7 . ... View of Mars from Mariner 6 . This cratered surface of Mars was photographed by Mariner 6's wide angle TV camera on July 30, 1969 at a range of 3,459 kilometers (2,150 miles). ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/marin6.htm -- 5.2 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6956. Mariner 9 to Mars
... The 1971 Mariner Mars mission was planned to consist of two spacecraft on complementary missions, but due to the failure of Mariner 8 to launch properly, only one spacecraft was available. Mariner 9 combined mission objectives of both Mariner 8 (mapping 70% of the Martian surface) and Mariner 9 (a study of temporal changes in the Martian atmosphere and on the Martian surface). Mariner 9 became the first spacecraft to orbit another planet. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/marin9.htm -- 3.5 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6957. Hypothetical Planets
... Vulcan , the intra-Mercurial planet . Mercury's Moon . ... The Earth's Second Moon . The Moons of Mars . ... Flammarion suggested that the hypothetical planet probably moved at 45 AU. ... Pickering used a graphical analysis and suggested a "Planet O" at 51.9 AU with a period of 373.5 years, a mass twice the Earth's and a magnitude of 11.5-14. ... Powell suggested a planet with 2.9 Earth masses at 60.8 AU from the Sun, a period of 494 years, an inclination of 8.3? and only a small eccentricity. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/hypothet.htm -- 64.6 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6958. Asteroid Ida and Dactyl
Ida and Dactyl . Ida . ... On August 28, 1993 Galileo came within 2,400 kilometers (1,500 miles) of 243 Ida, the second asteroid ever encountered by a spacecraft. ... Dactyl . ... This color picture is made from images taken by the Galileo spacecraft about 14 minutes before its closest approach to Ida at a range of about 10,500 kilometers (6,500 miles). ... This image is the first full picture showing both asteroid 243 Ida and its moon Dactyl transmitted to Earth from NASA's Galileo spacecraft. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/ida.htm -- 11.2 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6959. Shoemaker-Levy 9 / Jupiter Impact
Shoemaker-Levy 9 / Jupiter Impact . ... Fragments of comet P/Shoemaker-Levy 9 collided with Jupiter on July 16-22, 1994. ... Fragment . ... These four images of Jupiter and the luminous night-side impact of fragment W of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 were taken by the Galileo spacecraft on July 22, 1994. ... This image of Jupiter shows the impact sites of fragments "D" and "G" from Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. ... This image shows two views of the impact zone on Jupiter of fragment G of Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9. ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/impact.htm -- 15.1 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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6960. Jupiter's Moon Io
... Galileo Images of Io . ... Galileo Finds Giant Iron Core in Jupiter's Moon Io . ... The temperature on Io's surface is about -143? C (-230? F); however, a large hot spot associated with a volcanic feature measured about 17? C (60? F). ... Io's rotation . ... This pair of Hubble images of Jupiter's volcanic moon Io shows the surprising emergence of a 320-kilometer (200-mile) diameter, large yellowish-white feature near the center of the moon's disk (photo on the right). ... Volcanic Plumes . ...
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Ссылки http://www.iki.rssi.ru/solar/eng/io.htm -- 17.0 Кб -- 15.10.1997
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