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821. Customising the less command
. The less command can be given a number of options that change its behaviour. These options are used by setting the value of the LESS environment variable. Options given at the command line override those set by the environment variable. An option that is given in the LESS variable can be reset by starting the command line option with " -+ ". Examples .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/display1.3.2.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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822. Using the less pager
. less has better features than more and can be customised to suit your particular needs. Many of its commands are the same as those of the text editor vi . To display a file use the command: less filename . This will display the first screenful of the file. A prompt with the filename is given in the bottom left-hand corner of the screen. You can now move around the file using the less commands. Summary of less commands . Customising the less pager .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/display1.3.html -- 2.3 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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823. Displaying files using a pager
. A pager is a program for displaying the contents of a text file one screenful at a time. The most commonly used pager programs are more and less . Most pagers have many other capabilities built in, such as searching for a particular piece of text. Did You Know? . Using the more pager . Using the less pager .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/display1.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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824. Examples of using the head command
. To display the first 10 lines of a file: head /usr/local/doc/vi.txt . This displays the first 10 lines of the file vi.txt which is in the directory /usr/local/doc/ . To display the first 5 lines of several files: head -5 *.xdh . This displays, one after the other, the first 5 lines of each file with the extension .xdh in the current directory. The first line of each file is shown as: ==> filename <== . Tip ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/display2.1.html -- 2.3 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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825. Displaying the first few lines of a file
. To display the first 10 lines of a text file use the command: head filename . Examples .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/display2.html -- 1.8 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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826. Examples of using the tail command
. To display the last 10 lines of a text file: tail fred . This displays the last 10 lines of the file fred which is in the current directory. To display the last 50 characters in a file: tail -50c help.txt . This displays the last 50 characters in the file help.txt which is in the current directory.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/display3.1.html -- 2.0 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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827. Displaying the last part of a file
. To display the last 10 lines of a text file use the command: tail filename . Examples .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/display3.html -- 1.8 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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828. Files
. Comparing one file with another . Controlling access to your files . Copying files . Creating files . Defining files with wildcard characters . Deleting files . Determine file type . Displaying files . Editing files . Finding a file . Linking files . Listing files . Moving files . Printing files . Protecting files . Searching for files . Searching the contents of a file . Sorting the content of a file . Transferring files .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/files.html -- 2.6 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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829. Finding a file
. To locate a file in the file system , use the find command. find pathname -name filename -print . The pathname defines the directory to start from. Each subdirectory of this directory will be searched. The -print option must be used to display results. You can define the filename using wildcards. If these are used, the filename must be placed in 'quotes'. Examples . Did You Know? . Defining filenames with wildcard characters .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/find.html -- 2.3 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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830. Combining other commands with the find command
. You can also use the find command to find a file and then carry out a command on that file. To do this use the command: find pathname -name filename -print -exec command {}\; . To be prompted for confirmation before the command is executed use the command: find pathname -name filename -print -ok command {}\; . The command must be followed by a \ (backslash) and a ; (semi-colon). The {} (pair of braces) substitute the pathname of the file that is found as an argument to the command. Examples .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/find2.html -- 2.3 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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831. Transferring files
You can transfer files between hosts using the ftp command. This program is the standard means of transferring files between hosts on the Internet network. Your system might also still support the use of the hhcp (host to host file transfer) command. This was supplied as part of the Colour Book Software (Blue Book) which used to be a standard within the UK Academic Community. ... Transferring files using the ftp program . Transferring files with the hhcp command . ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/ftp.html -- 2.4 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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832. Prerequisites
. Before using the ftp program or the hhcp command to transfer files you will need an account on the remote host. The only exception to this is where the remote host is an information server that allows you to transfer files using ftp or hhcp without having to supply a username and password as authentication.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/ftp1.html -- 1.9 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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833. Did You Know?
. The following topics are related to your present task. Select an item for more information about it. Sending a file in the mail . The Guest FTP Service: User Guide .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/ftp1b.html -- 1.8 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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834. List of ftp commands
? Commands may be abbreviated. Commands are: ! cr macdef proxy send $ delete mdelete sendport status account debug mdir put struct append dir mget pwd sunique ascii disconnect mkdir quit tenex bell form mls quote trace binary get mode recv type bye glob mput remotehelp user case hash nmap rename verbose cd help ntrans reset ? cdup lcd open rmdir close ls prompt runique . Getting a description of each command .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/ftp2.1.1.html -- 2.6 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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835. Getting a description of each command
. You can get a short description of each ftp command by typing help followed by the command you want to know more about and pressing the <RETURN> key. For example: ftp> help open open connect to remote tftp ftp> . If you find this description is too brief you will find a much fuller one for each command in the Unix Programmer's Manual pages for ftp .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/ftp2.1.2.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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836. Making a directory on the remote host
. Use the mkdir command to make a directory on the remote host. For example: ftp> mkdir reports 257 MKD command successful. ftp> . This creates the directory reports in your login directory on the remote host.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/ftp2.1.3.1.html -- 1.9 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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837. Changing your local directory
. You can check for and then change your current directory on the local host using the lcd command. For example: ftp> lcd Local directory now /u/user/eucs/eucs99 ftp> lcd REPORTS Local directory now /u/user/eucs/eucs99/REPORTS . Here, you have changed to your current directory and then moved to the subdirectory REPORTS .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/ftp2.1.3.2.html -- 2.0 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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838. Using Unix commands on your local host
. Entering a '!' (exclamation mark) at the ftp> prompt starts a shell. You can then use any Unix operating system command before typing "exit" at the system prompt and returning to the ftp prompt. For example: ftp> ! cal 7 1990 July 1990 S M Tu W Th F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 exit exit ftp> .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/ftp2.1.3.3.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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839. Listing directories on the remote host
You can list the contents of a directory on the remote host. ... You will need to give the path to the directory if it is not in your home directory on the remote host. For example: ftp> ls 200 PORT command successful. 150 Opening ASCII mode data connection for file list. public reports 226 Transfer complete. 17 bytes received in 0.26 seconds (0.064 Kbytes/s) ftp> ftp> dir reports/quarterly 200 PORT command successful. ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/ftp2.1.3.4.html -- 2.4 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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840. Changing directories on the remote host
. You use the cd command to change from one directory to another on the remote host. A path to the directory can be given as an argument to the command. Entering the command pwd will display the path to your current directory. For example: ftp> cd reports/quarterly 250 CWD command successful. ftp> pwd 257 "/home/pisces/erpl08/reports/quarterly" is current directory.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/tasks/ftp2.1.3.5.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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