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1061. Special shell variables
There are some variables which are set internally by the shell and which are available to the user: Name Description . ... 0 the name of the command currently being executed. $# the number of positional arguments given to this invocation of the shell. $? the exit status of the last command executed is given as a decimal string. ... For example '1 2' 3 becomes "1 2 3" . is identical to the arguments received by the shell, the resulting list of words completely match what was given to the shell. ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/scrpt/scrpt2.2.2.html -- 3.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1062. Evaluating shell variables
The following set of rules govern the evaluation of all shell variables. ... var signifies the value of var or nothing, if var is undefined. ${var} same as above except the braces enclose the name of the variable to be substituted. ${var-thing} value of var if var is defined; otherwise thing. $var is not set to thing. ${var=thing} value of var if var is defined; otherwise thing. If undefined $var is set to thing. ${var?message} If defined, $var; otherwise print message and exit the shell. ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/scrpt/scrpt2.2.3.html -- 2.5 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1063. Handling shell variables
. The shell has several variables which are automatically set whenever you login. The values of some of these variables are stored in names which collectively are called your user environment. Any name defined in the user environment, can be accessed from within a shell script. To include the value of a shell variable into the environment you must export it. Special shell variables . Evaluating shell variables .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/scrpt/scrpt2.2.html -- 2.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1064. Reading user input
To read standard input into a shell script use the read command. For example: echo "Please enter your name:" read name echo "Welcome to Edinburgh $name" . This prompts the user for input, assigns this to the variable name and then displays the value of this variable to standard output . ... For example: echo "Please enter your surname\n" echo "followed by your first name: \c" read name1 name2 echo "Welcome to Glasgow $name2 $name1" . ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/scrpt/scrpt2.3.html -- 2.3 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1065. Example of using an if construct
... grep -s keith > /dev/null then echo keith is logged in else echo keith not available fi . This lists who is currently logged on to the sytem and pipes the output through grep to search for the username keith . The -s option causes grep to work silently and any error messages are directed to the file /dev/null instead of the standard output . If the command is succesful i.e. the username keith is found in the list of users currently logged in then the message keith is logged on . ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/scrpt/scrpt2.4.1.2.html -- 2.5 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1066. The if statement
The if statement uses the exit status of the given command and conditionally executes the statements following. The general syntax is: if test then commands (if condition is true) else commands (if condition is false) fi . ... Make sure that you end each if construct with a fi statement. if statements may be nested: if ... then ... else if ..... fi fi . The elif statement can be used as shorthand for an else if statement. For example: if ... then ... elif ..... fi . Example . ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/scrpt/scrpt2.4.1.html -- 2.5 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1067. Example of using the operator
To notify the user about the outcome of a previous command: cat deliver #!/bin/sh # usage: deliver username filename { cat $2 | write $1 ; } echo done . The user types a command such as: deliver keith greeting . The first command { cat $2 | write $1 ; } concatenates and displays the message held in the file greeting and pipes the output through the write command whose argument is the name of the user to whom the message is to be sent. ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/scrpt/scrpt2.4.2.1.html -- 2.6 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1068. The operator
. You can use the operator to execute a command and, if it is successful, execute the next command in the list. For example: cmd1 cmd2 . cmd1 is executed and its exit status examined. Only if cmd1 succeeds is cmd2 executed. This is a terse notation for: if cmd1 then cmd2 fi . Example .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/scrpt/scrpt2.4.2.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1069. UNIXhelp for users
Helpful information for users of the UNIX operating system, developed at the University of Edinburgh from work funded by the ITTI . ... UNIXhelp is mirrored around the world and freely available for local installation. ... Working with files and directories . Managing your working environment . Controlling access to your files and directories . ... Editing text files . ... Using UNIX commands . ... UNIX commands for VMS users . UNIX commands for DOS users . ... The UNIX file system . ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/ -- 4.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
[ Сохраненная копия ] Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/index.html -- 4.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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[ Сохраненная копия ] Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/index.html -- 4.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1070. Index: A
. [ A | B | C | D | E | F | G | H | I | J | K | L | M | N | O | P | Q | R | S | T | U | V | W | X | Y | Z ] . UNIX commands . access permissions . changing . default values for . displaying . restrictions on . understanding . addresses . for mail . mail, finding . alias . command name . using for mail address . archive (of files) . argument . quoting . passing to shell scripts . to command . arithmetic . done with expr command . ASCII . definition of . encode binary file as .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/index/ia.html -- 3.6 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1071. Obtaining a username and password
. Information for your local site should be placed here.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/local/getaccount.html -- 1.7 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1072. Local command(s) for showing available printers
. Put in the details of any local utilities that enable the user to find descriptions of the printers that are available for their use at the local site.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/local/printers.html -- 1.8 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1073. **Important**
. There may be security measures or other authentication procedures in use at your site that prevent you from using the rcp command to copy files from one host to another. Check with your local system administrator to find out what the situation is on your system.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/local/rcp.html -- 1.9 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1074. Restoring accidentally deleted files
. It is possible to restore files and directories that have been deleted if a backup has been made. Contact your local system administrator for help.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/local/restores.html -- 1.8 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1075. Contacting the system administrator
. To contact the administrator for this system: . Either * Email <put in address for this system> . or * Phone <put in details for this organisation> .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/local/sysadm.html -- 1.8 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1076. Message list
. A message list consists of integers (0-9), a range of integers, or user names separated by spaces. If omitted, mail uses the current message. For example the command s 1-5 . saves messages 1 through 5.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/mail/5.1.1.html -- 1.8 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1077. Reading mail in your mbox file
. When you quit the mail program , any messages that you have not explicitly saves ar deleted are automatically saved to the file mbox in your home directory . To read the messages stored in this file, start the mail program with the command: mail -f . Did you Know? .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/mail/5.3.2.1.html -- 2.0 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1078. Reading mail stored in other files
. You can save mail messages in files that are located anywhere in your personal file system. To read files stored in these files, start the mail program with the command: mail -f filename . Examples . Did You Know? .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/mail/5.3.2.2.html -- 2.0 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1079. Saving mail in folders
. You can customise the mail program so that all your mail files are automatically held in one directory. These files are known as folders . To do this: . Create a directory to keep your mail folders in. Set the value of the environment variable folder to the pathname for this directory. To save a file to a folder in this directory, save the mail as usual, and append a + (plus sign) to the name of the file (folder) that the mail is to be stored in. Examples .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/mail/6.1.1.html -- 2.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1080. Commands available in send mode
. The following commands can be used while you are preparing a mail message in send mode. To ... Do this . cancel the mail message ~x preview the mail message ~p add users to the Cc: list ~c users add users to the Bcc: list ~b users display this list of commands ~? use the visual editor on your mail message ~v insert a file into the mail message ~r filename add your signature ~a or ~A add users to the To: list ~t users run a shell command ~! command include output from a shell command ~<! command .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/mail/commands.html -- 2.6 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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