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1301. UNIX system directories
. The standard system directories are shown below. Each one contains specific types of file. The details may vary between different UNIX systems , but these directories should be common to all. Select one for more information on it. /( root ) | -------------------------------------------------------------- | | | | | | | | /bin /dev /etc /home /lib /tmp /usr kernel file .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/concepts/strctfile1.html -- 2.4 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1302. Example of location of a home directory
Although both Joe and Sarah are registered as users on their local UNIX system, they belong to different departments; Joe is a postgrad student in artificial intelligence while Sarah is Head of the Math Department. Their respective home directories might be: /(root) | tmp /home | ai /biol /math | joe /staff | sarah . The full pathname to Joe's home directory is /home/ai/joe - that to Sarah's is /home/math/staff/sarah . ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/concepts/strctfile2.1.html -- 2.7 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1303. Home Directory
. Any UNIX system can have many users on it at any one time. As a user you are given a home directory in which you are placed whenever you log on to the system. User's home directories are usually grouped together under a system directory such as /home . A large UNIX system may have several hundred users, with their home directories grouped in subdirectories according to some schema such as their organisational department. Example . Did You Know? .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/concepts/strctfile2.html -- 2.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1304. Modern variants of UNIX
There are two main versions of UNIX in use today: System V and BSD . ... From a user's perspective they are very similar and you are unlikely to have difficulty unless you use more than one type of system. In this case you might notice differences in the structure of the file system or in how certain commands behave. ... Although UNIXhelp is now based on a System V variant of UNIX, you should see only minor differences in the example input and output if your system is a BSD one. ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/concepts/sysvbsd.html -- 2.3 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1305. The /tmp directory
. This directory acts as a "scratch" area in which any user can store files on a temporary basis.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/concepts/tmp.html -- 1.7 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1306. The /usr directory
. This directory contains system files and directories that you share with other users. Application programs, on-line manual pages , and language dictionaries typically reside here.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/concepts/usr.html -- 1.8 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1307. Did You Know?
. The C shell assumes that that the arguments are always placed at the end of the command alias. For example, you define an alias that gives members of your group access to a file or directory : alias ggive 'chmod g+' . Any argument that you give to the alias ggive is placed after the command it refers to. So the command alias ggive filename . is interpreted as: chmod g+ filename .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/alias_csh.html -- 2.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1308. biff: Did You Know?
. "Biff was Heidi Stettner's dog, back when Heidi (and I and Bill Joy ) were all grad students at U.C.Berkley and the early versions of BSD were being developed. Biff was popular among the residents of Evans Hall, and was known for barking at the mailman, hence the name of the command." . Eric Cooper .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/biff.html -- 1.9 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1309. Bill Joy
. Bill Joy was the creator of the C shell and a founding member of Sun Microsystems .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/bill.html -- 1.7 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1310. Did You Know?
. The cat command is the simplest of filters. It copies its standard input ( stdin ) to the standard output ( stdout ). By default your terminal acts as both stdin and stdout . What you type on the keyboard ( stdin ) is copied to your display ( stdout ). When cat encounters the EOF (End of file) sequence generated by Ctrl-d it takes this to mean that there is no more input to follow and copies it to the file.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/cat.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1311. Did You Know?
. A quick way to see what shells are available on a your system is to display the file /etc/shells . For example: cat /etc/shells /bin/sh /bin/csh /usr/local/bin/Tcsh /usr/local/bin/bash . This file contains the full pathnames for every shell that is available on your system.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/chsh.html -- 1.9 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1312. Did You Know?
. The following topics are related to your present task. Select an item for more information about it. Linking files . Defining the pathname to the home directory .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/copy5.html -- 1.8 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1313. Did You Know?
. You can create an exact copy of a file by making a copy of it.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/create.html -- 1.7 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1314. Did You Know?
. The following topics are related to your present task. Select an item for more information about it. Managing jobs and processes . Running commands at a specific time . Suspending commands with the sleep command . Parent and child processes .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/jobz.html -- 2.0 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1315. Did You Know?
Each process is controlled by sending signals to it which tell it what to do. This is how the kill command has its effect; by sending a process a signal which tells it to stop, hang up or terminate etc. You can list the different types of signal that can be sent to a process by using the kill command together with its -l option. ... Signal type 1 (one) will send a process a signal to hang up ( SIGHUP ): signal type 9 (nine) is a signal to kill ( SIGKILL ) the process. ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/kill.html -- 2.6 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1316. Joint Academic NETwork
. The system you are using is probably linked to nearby systems by a local network. This network, together with many others, may be linked to another larger network. For example, the Joint Academic NETwork (JANET), is a national network linking togther networks in Universities, Colleges and Research Institutes within the United Kingdom. The JANET network is part of the Internet, which brings regional, enterprise and national networks together to form a worldwide network.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/mail.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1317. About mail files
. Mail files are simply text files, with a format that the mail program understands. You can process them with any of the standard UNIX utilities like grep , and read them with editors or paginators .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/mail1.html -- 1.9 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1318. Switching to other mailbox files
. You can quit reading the current mailbox file and switch to reading another one with the command: folder filename . For example folder +usability . reads in the mail messages in the file usability which is in the folder directory . Other filenames are: % your system mailbox # the previous mail file that you were reading your personal mbox file .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/mail2.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1319. Did You Know?
. The following topics are related to your present task. Select an item for more information about it. Online manual pages are displayed using another program known as "pager". Find out which pager you are using . Using a different pager .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/pager.html -- 1.9 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1320. Did You Know?
. You can use a command by giving the full pathname to it. For example: ~amy/project/beta/bin/minder . This will run the command minder which is located in the directory project/beta/bin in the home directory of the user amy . The ~ (tilde) character is used as shorthand for the path to the user's home directory .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/didyou/path.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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