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1381. Example of logging out procedure
. To logout enter the command: logout .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/basics/basic2.1.html -- 1.7 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1382. Example of logging out when there are stopped jobs
. To logout when there are stopped jobs: man ls ....... <Ctrl-z> Stopped logout There are stopped jobs. fg man ls --More--(8%) q logout . The user starts a job by entering the command to view the manual page for the ls command. They then "stop" this job with a the control key combination Ctrl-z . It is not possible to logout until this "job" is started again and they quit from using it. They are then able to logout.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/basics/basic2.2.1.html -- 2.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1383. Example of logging out from another shell
. To logout from another shell : logout Not login shell. exit logout . The user tries to logout from a shell that is not a login shell. They exit from this shell and are then able to logout.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/basics/basic2.2.2.html -- 1.9 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1384. Problems with logging out
There are stopped jobs. You have started a job by issuing a command and have then "stopped" the command from executing and placed it in the background using the key sequence Ctrl-z . Start the job again by typing fg and pressing the <Return> key. Quit the job or wait until it has finished. Try to logout again. Example . If you have several stopped jobs, you will have to go through this procedure for each one before you are able to logout. Not login shell. ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/basics/basic2.2.html -- 2.5 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1385. The logout file
. When you logout of your account the system carries out any commands held in a "logout" file which is in your home directory. The name of this file depends upon the type of shell you are using. The Bourne shell does not provide you with this facility. Making changes to the commands in your logout file changes your working environment .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/basics/basic2.3.html -- 2.0 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1386. Logging out
. To finish using a UNIX system you must go through a process known as "logging out". To logout enter the command logout or exit . If this does not work press Ctrl-D . Examples . Problems? . Did You Know? .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/basics/basic2.html -- 1.9 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1387. Example of changing a password with the passwd command
To change your password: passwd Old password: enter your current password New password: enter your new password Retype new password: re-enter your new password . Enter the command passwd and then respond to the prompts by entering your old password followed by your new one. ... The passwords will not appear on the screen as you type, to prevent other people from seeing them. If you make a mistake, the message Mismatch - password unchanged. is displayed and your password remains unchanged. ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/basics/basic3.1.html -- 2.3 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1388. Guidelines for creating a password
. choose a word from a dictionary . use personal information such as your name, make of car etc. tell anyone your password . write your password down anywhere . use the password you were given when you first got your account on the system . choose an obscure password preferably between 6 and 8 characters in length, of mixed case and containing at least one non-alphanumeric character such as ! or @ . change your password at regular intervals .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/basics/basic3.2.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1389. Changing your password
. Your password is important; it stops other users from gaining access to your account. Never give your password to anyone, not even your best friend. If you do you may have your access to the use of the system suspended or withdrawn. As an extra security measure change your password at regular intervals. Be sure to read the guidelines below before creating a new password for yourself. Example . Guidelines for choosing a password .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/basics/basic3.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1390. Basics
. Here you can find out how to start and stop using a UNIX system and how to use some of its many commands. If you have not used a UNIX system before look at the information in the Concepts menu or explore some of the other features of UNIXhelp. Logging on to the system . Logging off the system . Changing your password . Using commands .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/basics/index.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1391. Running commands at a specific time
. To execute a command at a specific time use the at command. See the manual page for more details. Commands can be scheduled to execute at regular intervals using the crontab command, which submits crontab job files for execution by the cron daemon . See the manual page for further details.
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/commanz/at.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1392. Examples of using command arguments
To use a command with no argument: date . ... To use a command with a single argument: cd newdir . The cd command (used to change from one directory to another) takes the name of the directory newdir as its argument. To use a command with several arguments: cat file1 file2 file3 . The cat command takes the names of three files as arguments. ... This explains the name of the command - it concatenates any files given to it as arguments. To 'quote' an argument: ls 'part 1' . ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/commanz/cmd1.1.1.html -- 2.9 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1393. Command arguments
. Most commands are used together with one or more arguments. For some commands these arguments are optional; others require you to use them with an argument. If the argument contains an empty space then you must quote the argument. Commands become far more effective when used together with regular expressions . Examples .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/commanz/cmd1.1.html -- 2.0 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1394. Examples of using multiple options
Options can be grouped together: ls -FI . ... Directories are shown with a trailing '/'; files which have execute permission are shown with a trailing '*'. ... Some options need to be given separately: lpr -Plp2 -#4rm report.ps . This prints four copies of the file report.ps , removes the file and sends mail to the user on completion. The option -Plp2 which specifies the printer to be used is given separately from the other options. If the command were given as lpr -Plp2#4rm report.ps . ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/commanz/cmd1.2.1.1.html -- 2.5 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1395. Using multiple options
. Some commands accept multiple options. These can be grouped together after a single hyphen: command -abc argument . A small number of commands require each option to be given separately. Check the command synopsis for a command to see how a command requires its options to be given. An option that takes an argument, such as the name of a printer or a filename is given separately. Examples .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/commanz/cmd1.2.1.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1396. Command options
. Options modify the way that a command works. They usually consist of a hyphen followed by a single letter. For example the wc command counts the number of words, characters and lines in a file. By using a different option you can choose what is counted. wc -w file1 counts the words wc -c file1 counts the characters wc -l file1 counts the lines . Using multiple options .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/commanz/cmd1.2.html -- 2.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1397. About commands
. The basic form of any Unix command is: command_name options argument(s) . Most descriptions for commands such as those given in the On-line Manual use a much more precise syntax . For example: cp [ -iprR ] filename ... directory . This syntax has a few simple rules. Apply them to the command description and you can understand how the command is to be used. Command syntax rules . Command options . Command arguments .
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/commanz/cmd1.html -- 2.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1398. Command syntax rules
To understand the command syntax apply the following simple rules: . Any options or arguments enclosed in [] square brackets are optional. Anything not enclosed in [] square brackets must be entered. ... This usually applies to the command name and command options. Arguments shown in italics must be replaced by whatever it is that they represent. This is usually the name of a file or directory. Ellipses ' ... ' mean that the previous argument can be repeated any number of times. ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/commanz/cmd1a.html -- 2.3 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1399. Examples of commands
To enter a simple command: ls . This command lists the contents of the current directory. In this example, no options or arguments are used. To enter a command together with one of its options: ls -l . ... To enter a command together with several options and an argument: lpr -Pps5 -#3 -m foo.c . ... To enter a command with several arguments: lp part1 part2 part3 . ... To enter a command using a regular expression as an argument: rm -i [pP]*.ps . ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/commanz/cmd2.1.html -- 3.1 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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1400. Examples of quoting special characters
... To prevent the shell from expanding an argument containing several special characters: $ sed -e 1,$s/V[0-9].*: //p /etc/motd sed: command garbled: 1,/V[0-9].*: $ sed -e '1,$s/V[0-9].*: //p' /etc/motd DYNIX/ptx(R) Tue Feb 25 12:04:15 GMT 1993 . ... To prevent the shell from expanding special characters but allow command substitution: echo 'My working directory is `pwd`' My working directory is`pwd` echo "My working directory is `pwd`" My working directory is /home/jane/docs . ...
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Ссылки http://comet.sai.msu.ru/UNIXhelp/commanz/cmd2.2.1.html -- 3.2 Кб -- 17.01.1997
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