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1561. Lesson #28a Newton's 3rd Law
... This lesson presents and explains Newton's 3rd law ("To every action, an equal and opposite reaction"), gives some examples as well as an (optional) formulation of Newton's laws that avoid explicitly mentioning forces. ... The formal definition of Newton's 3rd law: " forces always originate in pairs, equal in magnitude and opposite in direction. ... Starting the lesson . ... Newton's 3rd law discusses the origin of forces: they are always created in pairs, equal in magnitude and opposite in...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lnewton3.htm -- 16.9 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1562. Newton's Second Law--Lesson Plan #27
Lesson Plan #27 http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Lnewt2nd.htm . A short section, recapitulating earlier ideas of force and inertia (also known as mass). It summarizes Newton's laws, defines the unit of force known as "Newton," and gives as a practical application of the second law the acceleration of the German V-2 rocket, used in World War II. ... This lesson plan supplements: "Newon's Second Law," section #18 . ... Mass . ... An unthinking application of Newton's second law would give . ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lnewt2nd.htm -- 11.6 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1563. Navigation--lesson plan #8
... Latitude can be deduced from the height above the horizon of the pole star or of the noontime Sun, while longitude requires an accurate clock giving universal time. ... This lesson plan supplements: "Navigation," section #5a: on disk Snavigat.htm , on the web . ... Understand how finding one's local longitude requires comparing local time (e.g. local noon, when the Sun is at its highest above the horizon), with universal time, (UT). ... How can the noontime Sun give you your latitude ?? ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lnavigat.htm -- 14.2 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1564. Latitude and Longitude --lesson plan #7
... Also introduces systems of time-keeping, e.g. local solar time, time zones, universal time and the international date line. ... This lesson plan supplements: "Latitude and Longitude," section #5: on disk Slatlong.htm , on the web . ... Declination is measured from the north pole, not from the equator (the way co-latitude is defined) . ... In this case, it is the line of latitude 49 degrees. ... How long is one minute of arc along a line from the pole to the equator (line of longitude)? . ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Llatlong.htm -- 17.1 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1565. Kepler and his Laws--lesson plan #18
This is an overview of the story of Tycho Brahe and Johannes Kepler, and of Kepler's laws. Each of Kepler's laws will be studied separately in more detail in later lessons. ... This lesson plan supplements: "Kepler and his Laws," section #10: on disk Skeplaws.htm , on the web . ... The student will confirm Kepler's 3rd law by comparing orbital periods and mean distances for all major planets. ... That is Kepler's first law. ... Yes, Kepler's laws apply to artificial satellites as well as planets. ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lkeplaws.htm -- 14.2 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1566. Kepler's 3rd Law--Lesson Plan #31
Lesson Plan #31 http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Lkepl3rd.htm . ... It is shown that at least for circular orbits, this calculation leads to Kepler's 3rd law. The velocity required for a low Earth orbit is derived, and a practical formula is obtained for the orbital period in a circular Earth orbit of any radius. ... To prove Kepler's 3rd law for circular orbits . ... Starting the lesson: . ... From Kepler's 3rd law, the orbital period T around Earth in a circular orbit at distance R is . ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lkepl3rd.htm -- 15.9 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1567. Kepler's Second Law--Lesson Plan #21
... This is made evident in two ways: by calculating the ratio of greatest and smallest orbital velocities (in the lesson plan, not given in "Stargazers"), and by invoking the concept of energy. ... Kepler's Second Law Skepl2nd.htm . ... 12a. "More about Kepler's Second Law Skepl2A.htm . ... Get an intuitive understanding for the way orbital velocities vary along each orbit, according to Kepler's second law. Get a first exposure to the concepts of "potential energy" and "kinetic energy." ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lkepl2nd.htm -- 19.1 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1568. Kepler's First Law--Lesson Plan #20
Here the ellipse is studied in polar coordinates (r,f) , requiring minimal familiarity with the function cos f in the range 0 e . It is also noted that planets actually orbit the center of gravity of the solar system, and that distant planets may be detected by motions of their central star around the centers of gravity of their planetary systems. ... This lesson plan supplements: "Ellipses Kepler's 1st Law," section #11b: on disk Skepl1sto.htm , on the web . ... A circle is also an ellipse. ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lkepl1st.htm -- 12.5 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1569. How Distant is the Moon?--lesson plan #14
This section describes the calculation by which Aristarchus used the duration of a total lunar eclipse to deduce the distance of the Moon. ... This lesson plan supplements: "How Distant is the Moon--1", section #8c: on disk Shipprc2.htm , on the web . ... The shadow of the Earth at the Moon's distance is narrower than the Earth, because the Sun is seen not as a point but as a disk 0.5 degrees wide. ... An eclipse of the Moon is the passage of the Moon through the shadow of the Earth. ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lhipprc2.htm -- 9.8 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1570. How Distant is the Moon?--lesson plan #15
This lesson is optional. It presents one of two methods by which ancient Greek astronomers estimated the distance to the Moon. ... This lesson plan supplements: "How distant is the Moon?--2," section #8d: on disk Shipparc.htm , on the web . ... Terms: Solar eclipse (total and partial) (terms umbra and penumbra may be used by the teacher for total and partial shadow), baseline, parallax. ... The Earth-Sun distance and Earth-Moon distance vary due to the elliptical orbits of the Earth and the Moon. ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lhipparc.htm -- 11.9 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1571. Newton's Theory of Universal Gravitation--Lesson Plan #30
Lesson Plan #30 http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Lgravity.htm . This lesson re-derives Newton's result, that if the force of gravity decreases like the square of the distance from the center of attraction, the same force that causes objects on the Earth"s surface to fall can also be responsible for the motion of the Moon. ... This lesson plan supplements: "Newton's Theory of Universal Gravitation," section #20 http://www.phy6.org/stargaze/Sgravity.htm . ... Starting the lesson: . ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lgravity.htm -- 18.6 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1572. Lesson 34--Frames of Reference: The Centrifugal Force
... Uniformly moving frames of reference experience no new forces. ... If we want to express the equations of motion in their own frame of reference , we must always add "inertial forces" to represent the effects of their acceleration. ... The centrifugal force is needed to describe the same motion, using coordinates, velocities and accelerations of a rotating frame of reference. ... Terms: inertial force, accelerated frame of reference, rotating frame of reference, centrifugal force, bulge of the Earth...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lframes2.htm -- 21.0 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1573. Lesson 23--Frames of Reference: The Basics
... Velocity and acceleration always need to be measured relative to some fixed benchmarks, which define a "frame of reference. ... This section highlights the simple concept, that two frames of reference moving relative to each other with a constant velocity are completely equivalent, and the same laws of mechanics hold in both. ... Section 22a describes how the motion of the Earth modifies the apparent positions of stars and the arrival direction of the solar wind. ... This lesson plan supplements: . ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lframes1.htm -- 19.2 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1574. Graphs and Ellipses--Lesson Plan #19
An introduction (or refresher) of the concept of graphs in cartesian coordinates, starting with graphs of a straight line and a simple parabola. The implicit relationship x 2 +y 2 = R 2 for a circle is next given, and from that the cartesian equation of an ellipse is developed. ... This lesson plan supplements: "Graphs and Ellipses," section #11a: on disk Sellipse.htm , on the web . ... Learn or re-acquire the use of graphs in cartesian coordinates. ... Focus and major axis of an ellipse. ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lellipse.htm -- 16.5 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1575. The Path of the Sun, the Ecliptic --lesson plan #3
... This lesson plan supplements: "The Path of the Sun, the Ecliptic," section #2: on disk Secliptc.htm , on the web . ... Terms: Zodiac, ecliptic (the line across the celestial sphere),the plane of the ecliptic (flat surface), zodiac, solar eclipse, lunar eclipse [umbra, penumbra]. ... If the Sun and the Earth are in the plane of the ecliptic, the Moon, which is between them, also must be in the plane. (b) In an eclipse of the Moon , the Earth comes between the Moon and the Sun. ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lecliptc.htm -- 11.1 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1576. Coordinates--lesson plan #9
Introduction to ways of labeling points on a plane by (x, y), their cartesian coordinates. Optional--extending this to (x,y,z) coordinates in 3-dimensional space, to (r,?) plane polar coordinates and to 3-dimensional polar coordinates (r,?, ... This lesson plan supplements: "Coordinates," section #5b: on disk Scelcoor.htm , on the web . ... Polar coordinates (r, ?) on the plane (2-dimensions) . ... Can systems of coordinates, other than the cartesian one, be used to label points on a plane? ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Lcelcoor.htm -- 15.6 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1577. De Astr?nomos a Astronaves
... Astr?nomos' en Clases . ... Las 3 Leyes de Kepler del Movimiento Planetario ," una exposici?n de una hora presentada a maestros el 23 de Marzo de 2005. ... Los Muchos Colores del Sol . ... De Astr?nomos a Astronaves" es la continuaci?n de un sitio de la red anterior "La Exploraci?n de la Magnet?sfera de la Tierra" . Astr?nomos" trata el mundo de la gravedad --de los planetas masivos y las estrellas, y la manera en que los vuelos espaciales se llevan a cabo a pesar de su fuerte jal?n gravitacional. ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/LMXintro.htm -- 11.8 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1578. Il lavoro contro una forza elettrica
... La cosa interessante da notare che la forza di repulsione (o di attrazione) esiste soltanto al di fuori della sfera: all'interno di una cavit chiusa non si osservano forze o tensioni elettriche. ... Quello che accade che tirando i fogli per staccarli, si compiuto un lavoro contro la forza elettrica, e questo lavoro ha fatto crescere il voltaggio della carica elettrica, proprio come il ghiaccio in una nube temporalesca o in un generatore di Van de Graaff. ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Ivandgrf.htm -- 18.9 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1579. Le astronavi
... In una partita di ping-pong, supponiamo che una racchetta si muova a 20 miglia all'ora e colpisca una pallina che viaggi anch'essa a 20 miglia all'ora, ma in direzione opposta. Con quale velocit la pallina rimbalzer all'indietro? ... La velocit della racchetta non zero (e questo significa che anche noi ci muoviamo in modo solidale con essa, cio che "siamo nello stesso suo sistema di riferimento"), mentre ora la pallina si muove a (-20) -20 = -40 mi/ora (ved. la figura al centro). ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Itostars.htm -- 15.4 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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1580. Cronologia relativa ad astronomia, meccanica e astronautica
Mappa del sito . ... Le date in nero riguardano la storia della societ e della tecnologia, e servono a fornire il contesto delle date della cronologia principale. Per una completa lista di collegamenti sulla storia della fisica . ... Per una cronologia dell'esplorazione della magnetosfera . della Terra, del Sole e dei pianeti, ved. qui . ... 1 Maggio---L'Accademia delle Scienze degli Stati Uniti riceve da James Van Allen una comunicazione relativa alla scoperta della fascia di radiazioni. ...
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Ссылки http://www.cosmos.ru/mirrors/stern/stargaze/Itimelin.htm -- 53.2 Кб -- 22.12.2007
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