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17121. Fitting of Data
... This chapter deals with the modelling and the analysis of image and table data by fitting non--linear functions, using least squares approximation. ... The MIDAS commands dealing with functions or linear combination of functions and with the modelling process are then presented. ... A tutorial command ( TUTORIAL/FIT ) has been introduced in order to show the capabilities of the package. A brief description of the implemented methods is included in section . ... The Newton--Raphson Method. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node124.html -- 7.0 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17122. Outline of the Available Methods
Next: The Newton--Raphson Method. Up: Fitting of Data Previous: Fitting of Data . ... In a linear problem, if the errors on the observations have a gaussian distribution, the ``Maximum Likelihood Principle'' gives you the ``best estimate'' of the parameters as the solution of the so-called ``Least Squares Minimization'' that follows: . ... A certain number of numerical methods have been developed to solve the non--linear least squares problem, four have so far been implemented in MIDAS. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node125.html -- 7.2 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17123. The Newton--Raphson Method.
Next: The Modified Gauss--Newton Up: Outline of the Previous: Outline of the . This is the simplest one. ... This is usually a system of non--linear equations that, numerically, can be solved using the Newton--Raphson's method also called in the one--dimensional case the tangents method. ... The resulting linear system . ... The relaxation factor is a parameter of the method. ... Two different relaxation factors may lead to different solutions or one may give convergence and the other one not. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node126.html -- 3.9 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17124. IHAP Format
. Next: Translation of IHAP Up: Data Exchange Format Previous: Restrictions . љ The IHAP format is defined in the IHAP manual (see version April 1990, Appendix A). It is the internal format of the IHAP system and may also be used by some old data acquisition systems at the La Silla observatory. Translation of IHAP header . Restrictions . Rein Warmels . Mon Jan 22 12:06:29 MET 1996
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node115.html -- 2.8 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17125. Translation of IHAP header
Next: Restrictions Up: IHAP Format Previous: IHAP Format . The IHAP header contains the description of the data in a fixed, binary format. With reference to the IHAP manual, the translation of this information into MIDAS descriptors are given in Table . IHAP defines the end of exposure which is converted to exposure time. Also, start and end are given for image axes instead of start and number of pixels . Table: Name translation between IHAP header and MIDAS descriptors. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node116.html -- 3.3 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17126. Restrictions
. Next: Conversion between FITS Up: IHAP Format Previous: Translation of IHAP . љ The main limitations of the MIDAS reader of IHAP formats are the following: . only standard image formats are decoded, . only tapes written with code 1 specifications are decoded. Other formats such as tables and special data acquisition, can only be read by an IHAP system after which they can be converted to FITS by IHAP itself. Rein Warmels . Mon Jan 22 12:06:29 MET 1996
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node117.html -- 2.8 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17127. Conversion between FITS and internal format
... The FITS conversion commands INTAPE and OUTTAPE can both access FITS files on disk or directly on tape devices. Thus, it is in principle possible to use general system utilities to transfer the FITS files between disk and tape. ... In order to save disk space, it may be desirable to compress the files. ... Use OUTTAPE to write file to disk in FITS format. Compress FITS file on disk e.g. compress . Use system utility to save compressed file on tape e.g. tar . ... File naming . ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node118.html -- 4.0 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17128. Devices
Next: File naming Up: Conversion between FITS Previous: Conversion between FITS . The device in the INTAPE/OUTTAPE commands may either refer to a tape device, a disk file or a disk file prefix (possibly including the full path name). If the first 4 characters of the device name are the string ' tape ' (case independent), it will be assumend to be a logical tape name. ... The name of a tape device may contain the host name in which case a remote device will be accessed. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node119.html -- 3.6 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17129. Requirements for Running MIDAS
. Next: Hardware Up: Introduction Previous: Support . љ MIDAS can run on computers with either VAX/VMS or UNIX operating systems. Details of hardware and software requirements for MIDAS are listed below. Hardware . Software . Rein Warmels . Mon Jan 22 12:06:29 MET 1996
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node12.html -- 3.0 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17130. Standard keywords
Next: Non-standard keywords Up: FITS keywords Previous: FITS keywords . ... The first group is translated into special MIDAS descriptors for the data structure in question. The conversion for image files is given in Table . The START descriptor of a MIDAS image refers to the first pixel and is computed from the values CRVAL and CRPIX for the reference pixel as given in the FITS header. ... Table: Name translation between standard FITS keywords and MIDAS descriptors. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node111.html -- 3.7 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17131. Non-standard keywords
Next: Hierarchical keywords Up: FITS keywords Previous: Standard keywords . Besides the standard FITS keywords defined in the FITS documents, it is possible to use other, non-standard keywords. Such non-standard keywords have no global definition and may be interpreted differently by different FITS readers. ... Due to the freedom to use non-standard keywords it is important to know their excact definitions when transfering data between different systems. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node112.html -- 3.3 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17132. Hierarchical keywords
... To avoid possible misinterpretations and naming conflicts for keywords describing acquisition parameters, ESO has adopted a hierarchical keyword convention for this purpose using the keyword HIERARCH . Such keywords have the following syntax: HIERARCH domain level-1 ... level-n keyword = value / comment . where the domain always is ESO . ... Table: Levels defined for ESO hierarchical FITS keywords and the abbreviations used for the translations to MIDAS descriptor names . ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node113.html -- 6.0 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17133. Restrictions
Next: IHAP Format Up: FITS Format Previous: Hierarchical keywords . The MIDAS reader of FITS tapes accepts most of the FITS formats including standard extensions. The MIDAS implementation has the following restrictions: . ... maximally 512 columns are allowed for tables . ... information in headers without associated data is not stored to avoid creation of empty data files ( e.g. for simple table files). ... Mon Jan 22 12:06:29 MET 1996 ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node114.html -- 2.9 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17134. Data Exchange Format
Next: FITS Format Up: No Title Previous: Image Hardcopy . This chapter describes how to exchange data between MIDAS and other systems. ... It is important to recognise that MIDAS officially only supports the FITS format for data exchange. For backwards compatibility, MIDAS can also read the IHAP format which was used by the old ESO image processing system and some data acquisition systems at La Silla. ... FITS Format . Structure of FITS files . ... FITS keywords . ... IHAP Format . ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node106.html -- 6.8 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17135. FITS Format
Next: Structure of FITS Up: Data Exchange Format Previous: Data Exchange Format . The FITS format provides a general way to encode both a definition of data and the data themselves in a machine independent form. ... A good general introduction to FITS can be found in [ 5 ] while a concise description is given in [ 6 ] both available through the NASA FITS Support Office and its anonymous ftp archive at Internet node nssdca.gsfc.nasa.gov . ... FITS keywords . ... Mon Jan 22 12:06:29 MET 1996 ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node107.html -- 3.8 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17136. Structure of FITS files
Next: FITS data-types and Up: FITS Format Previous: FITS Format . A FITS file contains a sequence of logical header/data units (HDU) which all start with a set of header records describing the following data records. The logical record length of a FITS file is always 2880 bytes of 8 bits. Both header and data sections start in a new logical record. ... The basic FITS paper [ 1 ] specified both a logical and physical record length of 2880 bytes. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node108.html -- 4.2 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17137. FITS data-types and extensions
Next: FITS keywords Up: FITS Format Previous: Structure of FITS . The FITS header specifies both the format and size of the data records following. ... Table: Relation between FITS and MIDAS data types . When writing FITS files, their data type will also be the one closest to the internal representation except if basic FITS formats are explicitly requested by an option. ... The content of these file types is stored as FITS headers using a special MIDAS conversion. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node109.html -- 4.4 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17138. Support
... Most of our support services are available via the World Wide Web Homepage http://http.hq.eso.org/midas-info/midas.html . The MIDAS Users Support provides help for users that have problems or questions during installation or usage of the MIDAS system. ... The most convinient and best way to contact us is using the ESO-MIDAS Problem Report Form that enable us to deal the reporting quickly using a set of processing tools. ... uucp: midas@eso.uucp . internet: midas@eso.org . ... MIDAS HOT-LINE) . ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node11.html -- 5.1 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17139. FITS keywords
Next: Standard keywords Up: FITS Format Previous: FITS data-types and . Keywords in the FITS headers are stored in MIDAS files as descriptors. The naming conventions are not identical. ... In general, the MIDAS descriptors will get the same name as the FITS keyword except that illegal characters for descriptors ( e.g. ' - ') will be substituted by underscore ('_'). ... It is simple to map FITS keywords into MIDAS descriptors because the latter can have longer names and store arrays of values. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node110.html -- 3.6 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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17140. Intensity Transformation Tables
Next: Graphics Up: XWindow display Previous: Look--Up Tables . The intensity transformation tables (ITTs) come between the image memories and the LUT and are emulated in the XWindow environment by convolving the ITT values with the current LUT. Interactive modification is done via the arrow keys. ... To display the ITT, use DISPLAY/LUT which shows the combined effect of LUT and ITT. ... With the command TUTORIAL/ITT you can see the effect of ITTs and modify the ITTs interactively. ...
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Ссылки http://www.sao.ru/precise/Midas_doc/doc/95NOV/vol1/node100.html -- 3.5 Кб -- 23.02.1996
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