Äîêóìåíò âçÿò èç êýøà ïîèñêîâîé ìàøèíû. Àäðåñ îðèãèíàëüíîãî äîêóìåíòà : http://dynamo.geol.msu.ru/personal/vsz/papers/zakharov_etc-kinematika_blokov_po_gps.pdf Äàòà èçìåíåíèÿ: Thu Jun 17 11:26:50 2010 Äàòà èíäåêñèðîâàíèÿ: Mon Oct 1 22:44:40 2012 Êîäèðîâêà:

.., .., .. GPS // «». 2010. . 1-2010 (6). 1 http://www.georazrez.ru/articles/2010/1-6/zakharov_etc-kinematika_blokov_po_gps.pdf

551.24 + 528.02

.., .., ..
. .. ,

GPS
, GPS. , . (GPS). GPS . GPS 1 /, ( 10 ) . , , . GPS. , . GPS , , . ( ­ ) , . (). , , , . , , , . GPS , , , .


2 GPS , . , GPS, , [McClusky S. et al., 2000, Vernant Ph. et al., 2004, Meade B.J., Hager B.H., 2005, .. ., 2007] : , , .. , GPS , . , , . : GPS ( ) , , (). , . - GPS- . , , . GPS, . GPS- ( ) , , w. , ­ , , - . , . . GPS ( - ). (.1) 3 : (n), (e) (d).


3 (n,e,d) (x,y,z), (.1). : X ­ , j = 0°, Y ­ , j = 90°, Z ­ .

1. . (j,), j ­ , ­ , V = (Vx,Vy,Vz) , , VL = (Vn,Ve,Vd) [ ., ., 1989]: VL = T·V, (1)

Ô Vn à à Ve ÃV Õd

Æ Â Â Â Ü

Ô Tnx à = à Tex ÃT Õ dx Tny Tey Tdy

Tny Tey Tdy

Tnz Æ Â Tez  Tdz  Ü

ÔV Ã ÃV ÃV Õ

x y z

Æ Â Â. Â Ü

Ô Tnx à T - , T = à Tex ÃT Õ dx
T :
Tnx = - sin j cos l , Tex = - sin l ,

Tnz Æ Â Tez  . Tdz  Ü
Tnz = cosj , Tez = 0,

Tny = - sin j sin l , Tey = cos l ,

(2)

Tdx = - cosj cos l , Tdy = - cosj sin l , Tdz = - sin j .

, :


4

Vn = n â V = Tnx â Vx + Tny â V y + Tnz â V Ve = e â V = Tex âVx + Tey âV y + Tez âV

z

z z

(3)

Vd = d âV = Tdx âVx + Tdy âV y + Tdz â V
V = T-1·VL,
T
-1

: (4)
Tdx Æ Â Tdy  . Tdz  Ü

Ô Tnx à = à Tny ÃT Õ nz

Tex Tey Tez

, :
Vx = x â V = Tnx â Vn + Tex â Ve + Tdx â Vd V y = y â V = Tny â Vn + Tey âVe + Tdy âVd Vz = z â V = Tnz âVd + Tez âVe + Tdz âVd

(5)

(n,e,d) ­ , (x,y,z) ­ . , Vd = 0. . R - r = (rx,ry,rz) ,

rx = R cosj p cos rz = R sin j

p

ry = R cosj p sin p ,
p

(6)

P(jp,lp) w [ ., ., 1989]. (.2) P = (Px,Py,Pz) w

Px = cosj p cos Pz = sin j

p

Py = cosj p sin p ,
p

(7)

w = (wx,wy, wz), w = wP,

x = cosj p cos y = cosj p sin z = sin j
p

p

p

(7*)


5 . , , , , [ .., .., 1992], [ .. ., 2006, .., .., 2010]. , , , , . , , . , .

2. . P(jp,lp) w, ( GPS). , , (.2). V = [wr]. :

Vx = y rz - z ry V y = z rx - x rz . Vz = x ry - y rx
, V ^ . , (8)


6 : , :

Ë (V 1 â ) = 0 , Ì Í (V 2 â ) = 0


ËV1x x + V1y y + V1z z = 0 Î , Ì ÎV2x x + V2y y + V2z z = 0 Í
.

(9)

V1 = (V1x,V1y,V1z), V2 = (V2x,V2y,V2z) - , ( ), , ( , .. ). , , .. [V1V2] 0. . (7) :
y Ë Î tg l p = x Î Î z Ì tg j p = 2 2 x +y Î Î Î = x2 + y2 + Í

.
2 z

(10)

(9) V2z, V1z :

ËV1x xV2z + V1y yV2z + V1z zV2z = 0 Î Ì ÎV2x xV1z + V2y yV1z + V2z zV1z = 0 Í
(11) , :
x (V1xV2 z - V2 xV1z ) + y (V1 yV2 z - V2 yV1z ) = 0

(11)

(12)

(10) (12) :
tg p =
y x

=

V1xV2 z - V2 xV1z , V1 yV2 z - V2 yV1z

(13)

lp


7

Ô V V - V2 xV1z Æ Â. p = arct gà 1x 2 z à V1 yV2 z - V2 yV1z Â Õ Ü
jp. (10) :
y = tg p x ,

(13*)

(14)

(10), :
tg j p = 1 + tg 2 p 1
z x

(15)

, (9) V2y, , V1y ,
z V1xV2 y - V2 xV1 y , = x V2 zV1 y - V1zV2 y

(15). :

tgj p =

1
2

V1xV2 y - V2 xV1

y y

1 + tg p V2 zV1 y - V1zV2

,

(16)

jp Ô V1xV2 y - V2 xV1 1 j p = arctgà à 1 + tg2 V V - V V 2z 1y 1z 2 p Õ . V = [wr],
= V R sin d
y y

Æ Â Â Ü

(16*)



(17)

­ w r, R ­ , V ­ () . :

V = Ve2 + V

2 n

(18)

Ve ­ , Vn ­ . ,

( r â P ) = RP cos d ,


cosd =

rx Px + ry Py + rz Pz R

.

(19)


8
sin d = 1 - cos 2 d ,

(20)

(17) :

=

Vn2 + Ve2 R 1 - cos2 d

(21)

, (13) (16), , , w1 w2 1 2 (21). , : ­ ­ ­ 1 2; ; () . M1 M2, 1 2 P, , : M1 = [Pr1], M2 = [Pr2] V1 = (V1x,V1y,V1z) M1 = (M1x,M1y,M1z) , V2 = (V2x,V2y,V2z) M2 = (M2x,M2y,M2z) ­ . V1, V2 M1 M2 , ­ . , , , Pi(jpi, lpi), .

j pi = -j

p

pi = p + 180°

(22)


9 , w. ( ). , . : w1 / w2 0.95, , , (23) w1 < w2. , «» . , , , «». , , ( , [V1V2] = 0), . , , . . ­ , , , , . . : , . , , (), . [McClusky S. et al., 2000, Vernant Ph. et al., 2004, Meade B.J., Hager B.H., 2005], , . 3-5°. , , , , - 20%.


10 , , . , , . , , . , . P1 = (Px1,Py1,Pz1) P2 = (Px2,Py2,Pz2) : Ô P + P P + Py 2 Pz1 + Pz 2 Æ Â. , P = ( Px , Py , Pz ) = Ã x1 x 2 , y1 Ã Â 2 2 2 Õ Ü (24)

wcp , , , .
N





=

i =1

Å N

i

(25)

N ­ , . . «-», . , , , , . . Vmod , w, ( ): Vmod = [wr] (3):
Vmod_ Vmod_
n e

= n â V = Tnx â Vmod_ x + Tny â Vmod_ = e â V = Tex â Vmod_ x + Tey â Vmod_

y y

+ Tnz â Vmod_ + Tez â Vmod_

z

,

(26)

z


11 V
mod_ n

V

mod_e

­ .

, Vn Ve. V Vmod (13). , , :
Ë Î Î Î a=Ì Î Î Î Í ÔV Æ p arctg à e  + ( 2 - sgnVe â (1 + sgnVn )), Vn ¹ 0 ÃV  2 Õ nÜ p Vn = 0, Ve > 0 , , 2 3p Vn = 0, Ve < 0 , 4

(27)

sgn ­ . , . () , . 4 - 8% ­ 4 - 8°. , , . , , , . , . , , . , . , . «» . , , , - P(jp,lp) w.


12 ( ­ ..) GPS , . . , , , , [McClusky S. et al., 2000, Vernant Ph. et al., 2004].

3. GPS, 95% 1999 - 2001 , (Vernant et al., 2004). [Vernant Ph.et al., 2004] 27 GPS , (. 3). - .


13 1999 2001 . . [Vernant et al., 2004] . GPS , , , , (. 4).

4. [Vernant Ph. et al., 2004]. , ­ . . GPS. ­ , GPS, . [McClusky S. et al., 2000] GPS-. , 1988 1997 189


14 GPS (. 5), . . 31° ..

5. GPS, 95% , [McClusky S. et al., 2000]. [McClusky S. et al., 2000] , (. 6). , , 10±2 /, . - , , 2 /. - ( 24 /), - ­ - ( 9 / ). , , [McClusky S. et al., 2000] [Vernant Ph. et al., 2004] , GPS , - .


15 .7.

6. , [McClusky S. et al., 2000]. .

7. GPS [McClusky S. et al., 2000] [Vernant Ph. et al., 2004] . , , [McClusky S. et al., 2000], ­ [Vernant Ph. et al., 2004].


16

, , - . -

.8. GPS, , , .



,

.

8. , (32.94° ..; 32.67° ..). [McClusky S. et al., 2000]. , , , , , [McClusky S. et al., 2000, Bird P., 2003]. , , , (.9) - . , , - , 34.36° ..; 33.45° .. , .


17 , - ( , , ).

28.12° .., 27.09° .. ­ - (9±2 /), [McClusky S. et al., 2000]. , , ­ ( ). 9. 4 . 31.67° .., 33.36° ..

. , (. 10). , , - , ( MZT), . - , [Bird P., 2003] . , [Vernant Ph. et al., 2004] 8±3 /.


18

10. . , ­ , ( 26.65° ..; 18.77° .). , , , ( 28.28° ..; 25.33° ..). , - ( ­30.62° ..; 30.62° ..). , , - ( 31.62° ..; 65.24° ..). - , , - ( NTF) (MRF), - ( Nay). , [Jackson J.A., McKenzie D.P., 1984, 1988]. . , . , -, . , , . .


19 (. 11).

11. . , , 40.62° .., 31.18° .., ­ 33.4° .., 60.09° .., ­ 40.49° .., 47.94° .. , , -- . ( ), , . . , - -- , - . , . , , (Spi ). , , , GPS , . , , , . .


20

, GPS, , , . , . ; , , . , ­ . , «» , , . , GPS , . . , , , .


1. .., .. GPS. // , . 4 , 2010, 3. 2. .., .. . .: , 1992. 192 ..


21 3. .., .., .. . // . 2007. 1. . 16­29. 4. ., . . .: . 1989. 427 . 5. .., .., . GPS ( - ) // / 39- . .: , 2006. .2. . 215­219. 6. Bird P. An updated digital model of plate boundaries // Geochemistr y, Geophysics, Geosystems (G3). 2003. Vol. 4. 3. doi:10.1029/2001GC000252. 7. Jackson J.A., McKenzie D.P. Act ive tectonics of the Alpine-Himalayan Belt between western Turkey and Pakistan // Geophys. J.R. Astr. Soc. 1984. Vol.77. P.185-246 8. Jackson J.A., McKenzie D.P. The relat ionship between plate motions and seismic tensors, and the rat es of act ive deformation in the Med iterranean and Middle East // Geo phys. J.R. Astr. Soc. 1988, Vol.93, P.45-73. 9. McClusky S., Balassallian S., Barka A. et al. Global Positioning System constraints on plate kinemat ics and d ynamics in the eastern Mediterranean and Caucasus. Journal of Geophysica l Research, 2000. Vol.105, B3, P.5695-5719. 10. Meade B.J., Hager B.H. Block models of crustal mot ion in sout hern California constrained by GPS measurements. // Journal of Geophysical Research. 2005. V.110. B03403. doi:10.1029/2004JB003209. 11. Vernant Ph., Nilforoushan F., Hatzfeld D. et al. Present-day crustal deformat ion and plate kinemat ics in t he Middle East const rained by GPS measurements in Iran and northern Oman. Geophysical Journal International, 2004, Vol.157, P.381-398.