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Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Introduction to Botany. Lecture 10
Alexey Shipunov
Minot State University

September 20th, 2010

Shipunov

BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Outline

1

Monday test Leaf mor phology Terminal characters Leaves in nature Leaf anatomy Typical leaf

2

3

Shipunov

BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Outline

1

Monday test Leaf mor phology Terminal characters Leaves in nature Leaf anatomy Typical leaf

2

3

Shipunov

BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Outline

1

Monday test Leaf mor phology Terminal characters Leaves in nature Leaf anatomy Typical leaf

2

3

Shipunov

BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Monday test (5 points)

1

Name four basic plant organs

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Monday test (5 points)

2

What is the difference between vegetative and generative shoot systems?

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Monday test (5 points)

3

What is the next formula of spiral phyllotaxis after 5 13 ?

3 8

and

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Monday test (5 points)

4

Which life form is prevalent in Nor th Dakota--phanerophytes or cryptophytes?

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Monday test (5 points)

5

What is the botanical name of organs like potato?

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Hierarchy in leaf morphology

General and terminal characters do not depend on hierarchy Repetitive characters are different on each step of hierarchy Therefore, leaf description should state that "on first level of segmentation, the form is ..., on the second level, the form is ..." It is possible that each level has different repetitive characters

Shipunov

BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Terminal characters: base of leaf blade

Rounded Truncate (straight) Cuneate Cordate Sagittate

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Terminal characters: leaf apex

Rounded Mucronate Acute Obtuse Acuminate Retuse

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Terminal characters: leaf margin

Without teeth: whole With teeth
Dentate Serrate Crenate

Could be double-dentate, triple-serrate etc.

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Terminal characters: leaf venation

``` ``` `` Main vein Lateral veins ````` `

No Apodromous Acrodromous

One HyphoPtero-

Several AcroActino-

No Several

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Heterophylly

Juvenile and adult leaves Water and air leaves Sun leaves and shade leaves

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Juvenile leaves of Juniperus sp.

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Juvenile leaves of Eucalyptus sp.

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Submerged and floated leaves of Ondinea

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Leaf mosaic

Distribution of leaves of plants in a single plane, usually per pendicular to light rays Provides the least shading of leaves by one another

Shipunov

BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Leaf mosaic of red maple (Acer rubrum)

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Seasonal life of leaves

Leaves arise from SAM through leaf primordia Old leaves separate from plant in a region called abscission zone

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Leaf primordia

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Abscission zone

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Leaf modifications 1

Spines Tendrils Bulbs Plantlets

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Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Tendrils of sweet pea (Lathyrus odoratus)

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Plantlets on the leaf of Kalanchoe pinnata

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Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Leaf of Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula)

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Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Terminal characters Leaves in nature

Leaf modifications 2

Function Expansion Storage Photosynthesis Defense Suppor t Insect catching

Stem Rhizomes, stolons Bulbs, corms, tubers Cladophylls Thorns DEFAULT Traps

Leaf Plantlets Bulbs DEFAULT Spines Tendrils Traps

Root

FU

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Typical leaf

General leaf anatomy

Epidermis with stomata Mesophyll Vascular bundles, or veins

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Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Typical leaf

Lilac (Syringa vulgaris) leaf in cross-section

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BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Typical leaf

Epidermis and stomata

Covered with cuticle Include stomata with guard cells and (often) subsidiary cells and trichomes Opening of stomata is a result of exchange of K+ , osmosis and uneven cell wall Lower epidermis in most cases contain more stomata

Shipunov

BIOL 154.10


Monday test Leaf morphology Leaf anatomy

Typical leaf

Summary

Leaves have general, repetitive and terminal characters Heterophylly is a co-existence of different types of leaves on the same plant Abscission zone helps the separation of leaf at the end of season Osmotic processes in guard cells result in opening and closing of stomata

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Appendix

For Fur ther Reading

For Fur ther Reading

Th. L. Rost, M. G. Barbour, C. R. Stocking, T. M. Murphy. Plant Biology. 2nd edition. Thomson Brooks/Cole, 2006. 6.1-6.4.

Shipunov

BIOL 154.10