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Papaya
Crystal Kim

(Carica papaya)


Classification


Genus: Carica Species: C. papaya Belongs to the family : Caricaceae It is the sole species in the genus Carica Also known as:


Papaw Pawpaw


Geography
· Native to the tropics of the Americas, most likely from Mexico and Central America. · Cultivated first in Mexico (particularly in Chiapas and Veracruz) many centuries before the emergence in Mesoamerican civilizations. · Top producers of papaya is India followed by Brazil and Indonesia.


Morphological Description
· Papaya is a large, tree-like plant · Has a single stem that grows anywhere from 5-10 meters · Spirally arranged leaves confined at the top of the trunk · Unusually for such a large plant, these trees are dioecious.


Morphological Description




Leaves are large about 50-70cm in diameter. Palmately lobed with seven lobes. Flowers appear on axils of the leaves, maturing into a large fruit.


Cultivation








Papaya plants come in three sexes: male, female, and hermaphrodite. Males only produces pollen, never fruit. Females will produce small, inedible fruits unless they're pollinated Hermaphrodites can self-pollinate since its flowers contain both male stamens and female ovaries. Almost all commercial papaya orchards are hermaphrodites.


Cultivation








Grows rapidly, fruiting within three years. Highly frost-sensitive Temperatures below -2 degree Celsius is harmful if not fatal. Prefers sandy, welldrained soil Standing water will kill the plant within 24 hours.


Plant uses


They are used for:




Tenderizing meat Nutrients, phytochemicals, and culinary practices Traditional medicine Preliminary research Stem and bark can be used as rope production


Plant Uses








Green papaya fruit is rich in papain, a protease used for tenderizing meat. Black seeds of papaya are edible and have a sharp, spicy taste. They can be grounded and used as a substitute for black pepper. Papaya leaves are made into tea as treatment for malaria. Phytochemcials in papaya may suppress the effects of progesterone.


Historical Facts




Papaya was probably widely cultivated by Indians in Mexico and Central America before 1492. In the 16th and 17th centuries, it quickly became favored by Spanish and Portuguese explorers. The Spanish brought the plant from the tropics of America to the Caribbean, the Pacific Islands, and South east Asia in the 16th century. Papaya is now ranked 3rd among tropical fruit production behind mango and pineapple.


Use in North America and Native Americans


Green papaya was used by indigenous Americans for thousands of years to break down tough meat fibers.


Additional Information






Papaya releases a latex fluid when not quite ripe, which can cause irritation and allergic reaction in some people. Latex concentration in unripe papaya may cause uterine contractions, which may lead to a miscarriage. Papaya seeds in large doses have a contraceptive effect on rats and monkeys.


References






http://food-fruit.blogspot.com/2012/06/history-ofpapaya.html https://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/m orton/papaya_ars.html#Origin%20and%20 Distribution http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papaya